SAB 310 UNIT 7 ASSIGN Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

SAB 310 UNIT 7 sequestrate - Assignment ExampleThe requirements include a specific numbers of different sports available for women and men, participants minimum numbers and number of events for different sports, criteria used to schedule the games, and overall financial awards in call athletics for the students involved. The mens football institutional teams are also grouped into 3 divisions which include within the prototypical group I-A, group 2 or I-AA, which is related to team attendance registers and competiveness.Most competitors who have taken part in these games have not only grown with the competitions but have also heighten their skills. The NCAA contests of championship have become the focal point of continental media through merchandising efforts. Additionally, the most institutional championships have been the Basketball Tournament for men. This is evident from the sale of broadcast rights by televisions for above game tourney which were sold in 1999 to CBS. The tot al cost was for $545 million per year on average. Most of the profits make on the championship and game events which include broadcast rights were directed to institutions to support athletics membership programs. This has greatly helped in managing and running championship events which support different world wide initiatives. The most common members and requirements of the NCAA dead body include marketing strategies, licensing requirements, and promotions that deal directly with the NCAA promotion of different brands within the NCAA championships.The NCAA membership or supporter division of the national office has a main responsibility of helping institutional members from different universities and colleges to plow comply and understand different and vital legislations in relation to NCAA. Membership functions are vital in service provision. These functions include providing the institutions and the public with available access to knowledgeable

Advanced Financial Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Advanced Financial Reporting - Essay ExampleThese standards are promulgated not by individuals but they are formed by a committee which includes people from all walks of life. The reason back this is that inclusion of people from all walks of life is that this committee wants to create principles or account laws which are steadying for everyone in the every field of life. There are several brass sections which work day-in and day- out for developing much(prenominal) principles. These principles give much more essence to the financial statement and provide value to the financial figures contained in these statements.One such organization is International Accounting Standard Board, IASB, which was formed in 2001. The purpose of this organization was to propose diametrical accounting standards which might be the basis of preparation of financial statements. Since, these rules are followed by all the business they make the comparisons between two businesses more useful and more acc urate. The IASB Handbook describes the informative arrangements of the IASB. The Trustees Procedures Committee is in charge of regularly reviewing and updating the IASB due process procedures. (IASB.org)In the times of nook also, these standards have become very important in the valuation of various businesses and in giving meaning to the financial statement prepared by these businesses. Some people still favor the fact that these accounting standards are really useful for the interpretation financial prepared by various businesses headed by different accountants having different mind-set and company policies, where as others people hold the view that these accounting standards only gloss the financial picture of these businesses and give an unrealistic picture of theses businesses, in the times of recession.They oppose these standards because they think that authentic accounting standards window dress the actual position of the business, and can be misleading for the users of f inancial statement. By window-dressing

Freeman vs. Quicken Loans, Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

freewoman vs. drive on Loans, Inc - Essay ExampleRESPAs aim is to forbid any split of offending fees amongst corporations in the absence of unearned fees by the beneficiary. After Freeman and other couples lost the case in the state court, they proceeded to the Supreme Court claiming that the fees imposed on them were unearned. Recently, the Supreme Court decided that the plaintiff had to manoeuvre the existence of a split between two or several persons for the purpose of a closure associated with violation of the RESPA act. While making a decision, the court made various aspects of section 8(b) clear (Freeman v. reanimate Loans 5). There was a clarification on the difference between free-sharing and the user transaction. In the process, the court denied the exposition regarding a consumer as a person capable of awarding a split or percentage. The veer that section 8(b) should not hold an interpretation needing fee splitting faced objection from the court. The decision by the court had various implications that there may be future misinterpretations of the part (8b), and the queries regarding the suitability of the section in dealing with the settlement of matters such as credit report prices (Freeman v. Quicken Loans 7). Works Cited Freeman v. Quicken Loans. 566. U.S. Supreme Court. 24th May 2012. Print. Blueford v. are The case involves the charging of Blueford in the Arkansas Supreme Court. The court goddamned the accused for the death of a child. Accusations entailed manslaughter, murder and negligent homicide. The court had required the jury to consider triad aspects of capital murder, manslaughter and negligent homicide lest doubts existed. The jury could not reach a decision, so the court affirmed a mistrial (Blueford v. Arkansas 3). The courts attempt to perform another trial for Blueford who received resistance regarding the trial as a dual jeopardy. The conduct of the court to declare the suit a mistrial was not right. The argument by the su spect indicated that in the event of the jurys failure to decide the suit, the court had a responsibility of providing a succinct decision on the issue. Arkansas law provides that the jury had to charge the defendant on twain or a single felony (Blueford v. Arkansas 6). The jury failed to convict the accused of any crime they failed to exculpate him. The dual jeopardy phrase does not allow a second trial if the acquaintance of the singular existed. The clause on double jeopardy requires the questioning of the jurys conduct. The jury failed to make convictions found on capital and first degree murder although there was a chance for the decision. Retrial faced challenges because of the hap of defeat by the defendant. The failure to make a correct decision was due to delusion of the Arkansas law. The reaching of a mistrial was a mistake from the judge. At first, he thought the jury would come to succinct decision (Blueford v. Arkansas 6). Works Cited Blueford v. Arkansas. 566. U. S. Supreme Court. 24th May 2012. Print. Holder v. Martinez Gutierrez The US Constitution allows the attorney general to perform a cancellation of the elimination of an immigrant from the country. The immigrant must be subject to a condition of fixed residence for about five geezerhood. The person must have resided for a period of 7 years after entrance. The case involves the issue of Martinez immigration where he entered the state illegally. His father had followed required procedures and became admitted as an LPR. However, Martinez did not attain

Global warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global warming - Essay ExampleThe incidence of climatical disasters is becoming to a greater extent and more frequent. Hurricanes, floods, drought etc be continuously occurring at different parts of the world. It has been Man induced changes in the purlieu has been causing changes atmosphere and the ecology, which is eventually leading to climate change and global warming. The objective of this easy is to study the causes and impacts of global warming. It has been estimated that the comely temperature of the air near earths surface has risen by 1.3 Fahrenheit(postnominal) (Venkataramanan & Smitha, 2011). However, this does not mean that every corner of the earth experiences an increase in temperature. This increase in the average temperature of earth has given way to systemic changes in the physical systems of the earth. For instance, the rise in temperature is experienced approximately in the poles. The systemic effect that this causes is that the ice melts in the poles which cause further change in the climatic patterns and ecological patterns in other parts of the globe. The warming in the poles along with change in odourise pattern would result in colder winters in continental Europe. Similarly, West Africa would receive more rains while of import Africa wont receive enough rain (Venkataramanan & Smitha, 2011). ... The most important source for this is fossil raise emissions. Whenever a fossil fuel is burnt in form of fuel as in the shield of cars, aero plane or industrial units, ascorbic acid dioxide is emitted to the atmosphere and it gets accumulated. The chart below represents the sector wise function of green crime syndicate gas emissions. Fig 1 Sector wise contribution of green house gas emission Source(Venkataraman & Smitha, 2011) The rude(a) form of reversal of this accumulation process is the vegetation which absorbs carbon dioxide as a source of energy. However, the indiscriminate human intervention with the green cover of the earth is hindering this natural process. Deforestation limits the scope of carbon emitted into the atmosphere being absorbed by plants. Thus the amount of carbon in the atmosphere keeps increasing causing the globe to be warmer. Moreover, when plants are destroyed and they decay, the carbon stored in them is released back into the atmosphere which aggregates the problem. There are natural systems which are called carbon sinks which stores carbon for thousands of years. The chain of activities as explained above results in these carbon sinks to fail. If the carbon stored in these carbon sinks are released, it may result in detrimental effects on earths various systems. It has been found that oceans which are carbon sinks are failing in their capacity to store carbon (Venkataramanan & Smitha, 2011). This is resulting in ocean water to turn acidic. This would in turn mean that ocean life will largely be affected. It is the green life deep down the ocean that helps the ocean to store carbon (Barnett, et al. 2005). Thus this act like a chain reply where in the ocean turns acidic and the plants

Horizontal Flow, Inwardoutward Flow, Vertical Information flow, and Essay

Horizontal Flow, Inwardoutward Flow, Vertical Information flow, and Downward instruction Flow of monetary entropy in the Kuali system - Essay ExampleThere are essentially four different groups complicated in the Kuali process the initiator, the department delegate or BSC, the account carriage, and the DFA. Horizontal flow would arrive amidst any individuals that are contained within the same group. For example, an initiator sharing breeding with a co-worker on the same level or an account manager sharing information with another account manager would constitute horizontal flow (Cornell University, 2005).Inward flows occur when an outside entity or group sends information into wholeness of the four home(a) groups. An example of this could be a service center such as a document editor sending that information to an account manager. Outward flows are the exact opposite. These occur when an internal group sends information to an outside entity or group. An example of this coul d be an account manager sending financial info to a service center that serves as an account delegate (Cornell University, 2008).Vertical information flows occur among the four different groups. These constitute those flows where information either travels upward or downward among the groups. An example of this could be when the initiator sends information to the department representative or when the department representative sends information to the account manager. They alike occur the other direction, when the account manager sends information to the department representative or the department representative sends information to the initiator.Downward information flow occurs when a group that is higher than another sends information to a group that is lower on the hierarchy. This can happen when the DFA sends information to an account manager, when an account manager sends information to a department representative or BSC, or when a department manager or BSC sends information t o the initiator. It is not possible for information to be sent any lower since the initiator is at the so-and-so of the hierarchy.According to McNeely and Wheeler, Fiscal officers can delegate approval authority to both primary and secondary approvers. An governing can specify extra routing, and units or profound administration can establish predefined special conditions for close to or all documents. For example, a college can specify that all budget adjustments be routed to the dean, or the central research administration office can stipulate that any transaction involving a contract or grant account be routed to a central post-award office. The workflow engine also corresponds specialized routing found on the dollar value of the document. Ad hoc routing-for both approval and FYI purposes-is also available (2006)The type of data that is being exchanged using the Kuali system is financial data. The overall system is designed on a business model for higher education. Also acco rding to McNeely and Wheeler, The data structures, transaction interfaces, and back-office processes are built to accommodate how higher education foundation garments are structured. However, there is sufficient flexibility in the design for each institution to tailor the system to its needs without requiring major modifications.

Thoughts and Experiences of a Travelling Tourist Essay

Thoughts and Experiences of a Travelling touring car - Essay ExampleWhen we talk about the Arabian Gulf for example, Qatar, Kuwait, and Dubai, they al or so serving the same culture, religion, and language. flock can find the hospitality in those countries that they never saw it before because it is a part of their culture. Arabian Gulf countries forever and a day attract people who search for summer activities like adventure, hunting, diving, luxurious hotels, traditional food, and so many other things. Furthermore, turrets always change their mind about those countries if they have misunderstood about Arab, Islam, or the Middle East in general. Middle East countries have been known to the world as grave countries because of the media and news, which have biased views. However, we sometimes need to see thing closely (Harrison 34).On the other hand, countries always share something together, which makes one say it is really a small world. For example, when I went to Egypt I foun d that they share languages with other countries, with some of speaking Arabic, English, or even French. Egypt was really different country than all countries Ive visited before, however. The people there are always happy and want to have fun and celebrate most of the time. They are willing to help others, especially tourists. We should not also forget the important things that make Egypt an dinky destination in Africa, which is Phrenic ancient, Nile River, museums, and the different cities like, Sharm Alshiekh, which is an awesome small city on the beach, located on the border of Israel.I also took a trip to Paris, arriving at Beauvais Airport outside the city. Thankfully, the airport offered skirt services to take travelers to the city center, which depart every twenty minutes after the flight. I utilise the metro to commute around the city since it was cheaper, although sometimes I preferred to use the hop on or hop off tourist buses in the city.

HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HR - Essay theoretical accountThe passenger car has to prove himself as a powerful leader not by means of his autocracy but by building trust in his employees.Rothwell and Kazanas (2003) inform that the film directors of HR department have to birth the responsibility of establishing goals for the department and its purposes. Manager is also responsible for structuring the department according to its needs. Staffing, issuance of orders, deciding on differences, inter-departmental and outside the department communication, planning for department budgets and politics, all can be regarded as the roles of the managing director of HR department and design a path towards development of the department (Rothwell and Kazanas, 2003).The advantages that can be found because of passenger vehicles performance at HR department be many in number. Manager is responsible for communication within the department and outside the department it means that the information from inside and outside sh ould be gathered in order to take the right decisions. This factor is wholly advantageous as the employees are allowed to communicate with the manager and deliver their thoughts regarding a decision. The final decision stays with the manager it means that the manager can collect information from various sources but should be decisive in order to generate to a conclusion regarding a problem (Woods and Thomas, 1994). A manager has many responsibilities to bear and the tasks should be carve up among his employees but leadership should be with him so that the performed tasks of the employees can be evaluated.As a manager is need to do lengthy and painstaking tasks, therefore, there should be consciousness behind any taken decisions and the manager should decide according to the needs of a situation. Sometimes, it is disadvantageous to give so many responsibilities to a manager as all the tasks cannot be justified fully because of over burdening of the manager. There should be a aggr oup

Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Skills - Essay ExampleThe supporting staff in the manpower should father up with the skills and also behaviors required in working effectively with the early battalion, the parents and children as head as with each other in positive ways that lead to achieving better outcomes (McWilliam 35). Those in the men should be skilled with knowledge on how to support young people who particularly are under attack(predicate) inclusive of those who are looked after, those that are disabled and also with mental problems (McWilliam 45).Through the various education stages, young people face increasing difficulties in securing gainful employment and also career opportunities. When we focus on the world today, most of the unemployed people globally are young people (McWilliam 25). The government should come up with solutions to solve this problem like generating links with the work foundation to employ young people (McWilliam 15).Environments for learnedness should be created in such a way that they are conducive for studying. Such learning environments should be both indoor as well as outdoor spaces (Selter & Bentley 34). They should include more than dependable a single room arrangement. They should also be equipped with various activities such as reconciling play, messy play, and also large muscle activities.Resnick, Mitchel. All I really need to know (about inventive thinking) I learned (by studying how children learn) in kindergarten. Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference on Creativity & cognition. ACM,

Assault on women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assault on women - turn out ExampleThis is because the victims of assault, either women or girls be in most cases not willing to report the perpetrators and in other cases they dont show signs of abuse. This is usually due to the social norms of a said society or the dependance that these women drive on the men who victimize them. Taking India as an example, the society as well as the economic dependence that women have on men have allowed men to continue discriminating and abusing women and girls. Reports have been made of women been assaulted to the point of death in some Indian communities that have raised several questions concerning the guard of women rights by the law. This paper will discuss some of these inhuman assaults to women that have been taking place and salve go on even at this age.The issue of misdemeanour is the most disturbing and prevalent stamp of assault against women. With cases of rape around the world rising, this has become a problem in most societie s and the victims are innocent women and girls. Taking the example of Canada, the number of women that reported having been sexually assaulted in 2009 were a staggering 472,000. As mentioned in the introduction, this number could be greater since this figure only counts for the self-reported victims. Statistics shows that most of the victims are women of ages between 15 and 24. This problem has proven difficult to curb for women, in most cases, lack the confidence to talk some the traumatic events that they go through such as rape (Renzetti, 2011). With rapes case being reported to incur almost everywhere, be it at homes, streets or workplaces, women have been left insecure and almost powerless. Gang rape is an even worse for victims since some have been reported to die after such horrible experiences or suffered irredeemable trauma.Another form of assault that is close associated with rape is physical abuse. Most rape cases keep abreast as a

The Role of Woman in the Church Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Role of fair sex in the Church - Article ExampleHistorical evaluation is needed to counteract sexist interpretations and to take care customary trends surrounding the issue of hierarchical vs. egalitarian functions. Three views on the role of women in the ministry of the topical anaesthetic church, act as general philosophical camps.The egalitarian view points to three primary texts supporting the unspoiled for women to hold ecclesiastical office Romans 161, 7 and 1 Timothy 311. At the analogous time, the egalitarians must answer the hierarchal traditional interpretation of 1 Timothy 211,12. The question of women prop ecclesiastical offices of authority has been the primary test case for egalitarianism. Traditionally, the evangelical church has denied women the office of apostle, pastor, elder and deacon. heathenish feminism, since The Feminist Mystique, (publication of Betty Friedans, work became the rally point of the feminist movement.) has launched a passionate crusa de to place women into lead positions within all social structures. And the evangelical church, generally the bastion of the hierarchal tradition, has felt the special outflow of this feminist campaign.The non-evangelical egalitarian view generally holds that the Bible is sexist and rooted in patriarchal culture. in spite of appearance the non-evangelical egalitarian view, some hold to a get it on rejection of the Bible in constructing a contemporary doctrine of the role of women in ministry, and see contemporary feminism as the hermeneutical grid, instead of holding the Bible as the final authority for contemporary practice. Others endorse the seeds of cultural liberty within Christianity as evolving into a progressive tense liberation of women from early cultural patriarchal domination. It challenges the historical hierarchical tradition of interpretation. Therefore, a concrete accord of it becomes paradoxical in nature.The evangelical egalitarian view, also known as the Bib lical equalitarian position, holds to an authorised Bible but challenges the historical hierarchal tradition of interpretation. This view sees the Bible as teaching complete equality between male and female, with an idiom on mutual submission. This view basically gives strong emphasis to a cultural hermeneutic, to eliminate the hierarchal tone of the New Testament passages of role difference. Through standard it can be better discerned. Romans 161- reads, I commend unto you Phoebe, our sister, who is a servant of the church which is at Cenchreae. (KJV) Egalitarians generally hold that servant should be translated deaconess. This could suggest an office of authority, reflecting gender equality in role responsibilities. The Greek interpret Phoebe as a leader, elder or deacon in her church. Romans 167 reads, Greet Andronicus and Junias, my kinsmen and my fellow-prisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who were in Christ before me. According to the egalitarian position, the dis taff proper name Junia is designated an apostle. Hence, a woman apostle is mentioned in the New Testament, at least in the general sense. And even in the general sense, there is still an element of definite authority implicit in the title. Timothy 311 reads, Even so must their wives be grave, not slanderers, sober, faithful in all

The European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The European Union - endeavor ExampleThe European countries have a historic distaste for Americans and therefore, the rural areas do not want to do business with the superpower. The European need to safeguard their national and cultural boundaries compelled them to form a coalition that goes by the name of European Union. The division nations are having a common currency that they are using to fighting the supremacy of American dollar. The origins of European Union are stemming from the prehistoric grudge which is present in Americans and Europeans for ages. The nation of England refused to join EU because of its close and friendly ties with America but presently, the nation is going th nettlesome the rough times as it is alone in the international community of nations.The functions of European Union include facilitation of condescension activities and mitigating national level disputes within member nations. The holistic purpose of the body is to help the region in becoming sel f sufficient and free from influence of America. The economic development and growth are the name of forces that can assist any nation or group of nations in the process of upholding their cultural and social values. Rest of the world is busy in adapting their values in order to reflect more dot of Americanization.The nations of Europe are not willing to do that and because of this reason, they have created the featured institution. The European Union also governs defense agreements and renders help to distressed nations as well. The structure of the EU is not solid in temperament and its offices are scattered across various cities in the European sector. The strategic leadership and direction is provided by the committees of European parliament. Nevertheless, the European parliament has been developed with the help of providing adequate representation to each and every member nation. The idea of EU is a practical application of pooling all resources and building synergetic rel ations and linkages. The European Union is a

Importance of Internal Relations Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Importance of Internal Relations - Case read ExampleGenerally it is the role of the tutor to form the best and most appropriate way of making known the public on their school system and the operations of the world. The residential area which is part of the stakeholders has the massive role of deliverance up and sustaining collaborative measures and means which lead to the success of the institutions and the eventual improvements of the institution. The result of the collaborative actions of the public and the school should yield students success and the improvement of the institution in all round perspective without compromising each aspect of an institution.The administrator of an institution should have the knowledge and understanding of building of consensus powerfully and negotiation techniques, effective and good communication skills, he should believe in values and have an inclusion of all the members of the community. close to importantly the administration should ens ure that all the visions and missions of the institution are effectively and clearly communicated to the parents, students, staff and the community members .The vision of the institution should be developed with among the community members and all the stakeholders.Generally the administrator is the head of the institution hence should nurture and promote the success of the eruditeness process. This can be achieved through the advocating for effective learning mechanisms and friendly environment for the students and the staff to perform to their best potentials. Internal communication is very critical and determines the photo of the staff and the students on how they perceive the ability of the institution to meet its goals and targets. Effective leads to the success of an institution callable to the constant flow and sharing of information that will eventually lead to

Global Faces of Racism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global Faces of racism - Essay ExampleIndeed, racism is a belief that classifies humans into discrete races or groups (Berg & Wendt, 2011). As much(prenominal), this newspaper publisher surveys the topic of global racism extensively. Purpose of Racism Racism is commensurate to a plan, which may by utilized by individuals to effectively initiate their exploitative ideas. Disseminators of racism have numerous reasons for upholding the practice. Initially, the main draw a bead on of racism was to validate economic exploitations. In 19th centuries, slaves, who were captives from inferior races, fueled the American industries (Berg & Wendt, 2011). Slavery provided discounted personnel office to the industries however, the practice was unethical. Therefore, the promoters of the norm established a scheme of concealing their ideologies within racial differences thus, defending their malicious deeds. It could then appear sensible to account that inferior races had an obligation of servi ng the master or quality race. Apparently, this idea establishes the root to racism. Importantly, oppressors claimed that, groups that sold their own, were responsible for their peoples suffering hence, masters were less accountable (Reilly, Kaufman & Bodino, 2003). Additionally, the idea of racism was also used in workplaces by employers to win employees faith and make them get hold comfortable with the milieu availed. According to Kivel (2002), a strategy utilized by employers to lure white young-begetting(prenominal) employees into industrial jobs in 19th century was validation that at least they were not slaves. Consequently, such employees would take note their white muscularity whole, while sacrificing their economic independence because they could sensibly go by the employers claim that on the job(p) in the factory was never considerable to being a slave. Indeed, employers influenced racism for economic benefits by exploitation a false sense of pride and prospects amon g white employees an aspect that proliferated racism in the society. Evidently, the United conjure ups workplace presently has segregation that accounts for different classes, races and gender (Kivel 2002). An apparent purpose of racism is positive by the humans self-centered nature. Humanity has pride in being the best or a victor. The question of superiority attracts a substantial controversy. The idea may appear obtuse, but it occupies a crucial position in promoting racism. A sense of being superior to the neighbor may neglect material benefits but could provide some sense of satisfaction especially to those enable to fight self-pride. Consequently, such self-centered individuals establish assertions that their race outshines others (Kivel, 2002). However, evaluating the strength of characters by virtually viewing physical attributes like color, is an ill-advised approach that is not justifiable. This idea has elicited heated debates in the past with prominent scholars defac ing their credibility in the battles. Concepts of Racism Racism is a versatile model hence it ideas navigates in the society through various avenues. Racism mainly maneuvers in three structures, in individual scope, institutional and under cultural aspects. institutional racism defines setting up of the segregating policies, association structures, missions and behaviors in Institutions and services (Watt, 1999). This idea may avail an environment favoring a certain group. Mainly, these components

Lesson Plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lesson Plans - Essay ExampleIn the tier up two lesion plan, there has to the overall time and the time spread out to give room for various(a) activities involved in the teaching process. Nevertheless, the paper is aimed at deriving a lesson plan that will enable the students to achieve their learning objective in a natural philosophy class.1 hour will be for interaction between the students and the lecturer on the subject (matter) giving examples of matter. This would equip the lecture with better intuition of where the lecturer should start from in the next lesson.Students at this train will dwell more on the similarities and differences that tend to exist amongst the state of non- documentation matter. The comparison in this subject will be in relation to their chemical and molecular structures.1. To enable all students to actively participate in the class through with(predicate) question- answer engagement. Trying to ask them to present and answer some of the questions rel ated to non- living matter or some related scientific concepts.The lesson will be based on liquid state of matter. However, afterwards the definitive introduction, the lecturer should clarify on how the various characteristics of liquids depend on the molecular components.Students at this level will dwell more on the similarities and differences that tend to exist amongst the state of liquids. The comparison in this case will be in relation to their chemical and molecular structures.The lesson plan is based on non living matter. In physics students should be aware that non living matter is divided into three states namely liquid, self-colored and gaseous states. Considering the current state of the economy we realize that most of the industrial products, tools and equipments are derived from the study of physics for instance in the manufacturing sector (Patton, 2008, p. 129). In accordance with the lesson plan, the students are supposed to have not altogether the basic informatio n on non living matter but also be able to

Floating charge Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Floating burthen - Case Study ExampleA search at Companys theatre had not revealed any other existing charges. This blow charge was registered on the 24th of April 2008 at Companies House, the very(prenominal) day it was shaped. In October 2008 Marina and Mortimer also trenchant to double their orders for polymeric fibers with Synthetic Fibres Plc, needed for the production of impostor furs. Synthetic Fibres Plc insisted on a reservation of gentle clause in all contracts for future supplies of polymer fibers. In November 2008 Synthetic Fibres Plc made a delivery of 30,000 worth of polymeric fibres to Imitation Furs Ltd. Following the advice of their accountants on the eighteenth of March 2009, Imitation Furs Ltd is now in insolvent liquidation.To come up with an answer to the question, it is necessary to typeset first the meaning of rudderless charge and reservation of title clause (or simple retention of the title clause), where, when and how they argon used, who can use, a nd the extent of their use. This paper will first begin with the discussion on the floating charge on the first part and the discussion of the simple retention of title clause on the second part. The discussion and conclusion will be based available scholarly works and decided cases relevant to the topic from reputable sources in the internet in answering the question.A floating charFloating Charge, delimitateA floating charge is a mortgage, debenture or other certification documentation, is likely to create charges oer particular assets as security for borrowings or other indebtedness. There are essentially devil types of charge, floating and indomitable. A floating charge is appropriate to assets and material which is subject to change on a day to day basis, such as stock. Individual items move into and out of the charge as they are bought and sold in the ordinary course of events. The floating charge crystallizes if there is a default or similar event. At that stage the float ing charge is converted to a fixed charge over the assets which it covers at that time. A floating charge is not as effective as a fixed charge but is more flexible.1 History of Floating ChargeFloating charge has its roots from the join Kingdom.2 Historically, there is no legislation and no judicial decision that was a genesis of a floating charge, and the nature of the chargees interest in the charged assets (or fund assets) carcass doctrinally uncertain. The earliest descriptions were given by Lord Macnaghten in two cases.3 First, In Government Stocks and Other Securities Investment Co Ltd v manila paper Rly Co 1897 AC 81 at 86 he said A floating security is an equitable charge on the assets for the time being of a going concern. It attaches to the subject charged in the varying condition in which it happens to be from time to time. It is the essence of such a charge that it remains dormant until the undertaking ceases to be a going concern, or until the person in whose favour the charge is created intervenes. His right to intervene may of course be suspended by agreement. But if there is no agreement for suspension, he may exercise his right whenever he pleases after default.Later in Illingworth v Houldsworth

Dissertation topic and proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Topic and proposal - Dissertation ExampleThe highly accepted miscellanea of SMEs in UK and EU attributes to the number of employees or annual turn everyplace, with smooth enterprises constituting of less than 50 employees and medium surface enterprise at more than 50 and less than 249 employees (BIS subdivision for Business and Innovation Skills, pp. 1-7, 2010). The nature of willpower in SMEs is either the individual entrepreneur or the family investments, which later on is inducted by directors on behalf of the bulk sh arholders. The SMEs sector in UK has jumped to an enormous boom in the last couple of years by change magnitude the net to 400,000 firms every year and even the micro businesses or self-employment has contributed a significant turnover for over ? 200 billion to the economy even in the severe economic turmoil of recession on inflation (Amble, pp. 20-29, 2004). The small and medium coat business has emerged as a powerful source in contributing to net revenue of the economy by intervening for almost 13 % in financial and business intermediation, such as real estate and business operations. In addition, by contribution in 12% to agricultural and fishing business, wholesales and retails at 21% indicating to largest contribution to the private sector turnover (BIS Department for Business and Innovation Skills, pp. 1-6, 2010). The role of SMEs enterprises has played a significant part in the economic and amicable growth followed by the industrialization, income, and employment generation to the economy (OECD Conference for SMEs, pp. 1-3, 2004). Research Aim The important component of enterprises is to induct the easy or smooth availability of the capital for their start up or growth business. The imperfect capital market and the economic turmoil have created barriers for insufficient external funding to the SMEs that has coerce the government intervention in equity and debt market to provide funds and loans to their ventures (Graham, pp. 56-64, 2004). The main aim of the discourse of the proposal is to Highlight and analyze the significance of the financing intervention within the small and medium sized enterprises and their attributes. It also aims to analyze the following in order to bridge the gap between the finance providers and the small business. 1. Close analyses of the SMEs and their rise to power to external finance. 2. The financial growth and government intervention in SMEs 3. The needs and tote up capabilities between SMEs and financial intermediaries. Research Objectives The objective of the dissertation includes the detail literature review and problems faced by SMEs deployment of financial funds. The purpose of this research is to recognize the factors influencing the financial decision making of SMEs and any other secondary option for funds. The study will also focus on critical factors discussed as below (Competition Commission, pp. 1-3, 2002) 1. get wind the policies and regulations for the p rovision of funds by the bank 2. Identify the various sources of finance available to the SMEs and their significance. 3. Identify and deployment of options which are used to improve the burden of cost and accountability of revenue and profits for SMEs. Research Questions Following are the questions that highlight the main reasons for the research dissertation 1. What are the factors that are affecting the SMEs financial market and access

Immorality of Excessive Gambling Essay Example for Free

Immorality of Excessive Gambling EssayExcessive caper is shameful beca subroutine it causes people to discharge their resources on an activity with uncertain results which tidy sum result to bigger problems in the end. Those who gamble should practice reasonableness in their ways so that they get out be able to avoid the possibilities of fun dependency on ones future and of drying-up ones financial resources just to satisfy an earthly pleasure. rather of going to casinos and vie card games on a regular basis, people should only do so as a pas conviction so that they can a lot most of their season to more rewarding activities that are certain to compensate for their efforts. If a person gambles too much, the tendency of the individual is to use mostif not allof his financial resources just to satisfy his desire to gamble (Kusyszyn, 1984). An overweening risk taker does not mind if the odds of winning are small compared to the odds of losing.Moreover, an excessive gamb ler no eternal minds if the money he has gambled has already reached to amounts that are already way beyond the ordinary. The excessive gambler, therefore, is so devoted to spending a luxurious amount in the hopes of winning his bet which, if he did win, he will then again use to gamble. While the case of an excessive gambler is not evermore beyond repair, the damages that his deeds can inflict not only to himself but also to his family can certainly alter the course of their lives for the worse, if not the worst.For one, financial debt can never be far bunghole because an excessive gambler will find ways just to fuel his addictionincluding loans either from modify institutions or other people. This will certainly affect the financial security of himself and of his family. Another thing is that excessive gambling can lead to loss of meter for work and for the family. If the excessive gambler losses time for his work, there is a great chance that he will be losing his job which can cut-off his or his familys source of income.The loss of time for the family is also negative consequence because it causes family members to lose emotional cohere. If the gambler is a father, there is the risk that his children will no longer affect him as a fatherly figure or, probably worse, they may reach the bode where they will no longer miss his forepart in the household while he is out in the casinos gambling. More importantly, excessive gambling is immoral because it takes away the opportunity for families to develop and grow in many ways.Instead of spending the money on gambling, the money could have been go spent on household furniture, on paying monthly bills, family pass and other things that could have brought the family closer together. The latter options are certainly the better options to take instead of gambling too much. The omission of these profound options in exchange for the worse option is certainly not a moral thing to do when the person could have just chosen the option that was primarily unspoilt to everybody in the household and its future.From a utilitarian perspective, disregarding the option that maximizes benefits to the most number of individuals concerned is not the moral thing to do (Freeman, 1994). Thus, excessive gambling is immoral from a utilitarian standpoint. Aristotles ism of moderation suggests that human beings should avoid the extremes because the excess and the deficiency of anything are vices whereas the moderation of it is considered to be a chastity (Yu, 1998). The same principle can be applied to contemporary gambling.For example, an individuals deficiency of playing slot machines in casinos or anywhere else where there ways to gamble is considered as a vice. On the other hand, spending too much time, attention and resources on playing poker in a Las Vegas casino is also considered to be a vice. The best option that should be taken is a moderationist gambling practice because, according to Aristotle , the moderate way is the virtuous way which can lead to the good life. Instead of going regularly to casinos or spending more time in the race line than in the household, the excessive gambler should practice moderating his addiction.He can instead cut the time and money he is spending on his vices and devote more of them to his family. He can also favor to work harder in the office or spend more time with his children so that he will have less time for gambling. The bright side to that is that he becomes less of a person addict to gambling while being more of a normal person at the same time. The point is not to siphon all of your time, resources and attention to gambling as it deprives you of some of lifes better activities.It does not mean, however, that the person should altogether abandon gambling. The thing is that gambling can salvage be a part of a persons life, only that this time around gambling is no longer an addiction but rather a leisurely activity spent for pasti me. In fact, moderate gambling can be a source of emotional bond for family members especially for the adult parents. For instance, a geminate can decide to go on vacation in Las Vegas and spend a bit of time and money in a casino where they can play together for fun.If they lose, not much is bewildered because the primary goal was to establish more emotional bond together. If they win, however, their financial winnings can be considered as mere bonuses to their primary intent. This perhaps best explains why gambling can also be a good deed so long as it is within moderate limits. It is easy to see and understand why excessive gambling is immoral. For the most part, it is a menace that tears down family bond and deprives people of spending their lives on better activities.Although excessive gambling is immoral, the moderation of gambling can still be considered as a good thing for it can also bring families closer together.ReferencesFreeman, S. (1994). Utilitarianism, Deontology, and the priority of Right Utilitarianism, Deontology, and the Priority of Right. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 23(4), 313-349. Kusyszyn, I. (1984). The Psychology of Gambling. Annals of the American Academy of Political and brotherly Science, 474, 133-145. Yu, J. (1998). Virtue Confucius and Aristotle. Philosophy East and West, 48(2), 323-347.

Observational Essay Essay Example for Free

honoringal Essay EssayObservations are a pillowcase of primary inquiry that involves spending time watching people or other creatures interact with each other and the world around them. Observations are used in nearly every field and suffer be incredibly useful in gathering information.Types of ParticipationBefore observing, consider how you as an observer may alter the purget beingness discover.How fully will you participate in the event? provide you simply sit, watch, and take notes with no interaction?Will you interact with the histrions?Will you become a participant yourself?These different choices trick radically change what you end up observing. The mere figurehead of an observer may alter the eventsand if you interact with participants, you further risk changing what takes place. The other side to this is that by not fighting(a) in an event, you may not gain a complete understanding of that event.How to ObserveWhen observing, it is especially main(prenominal ) to separate observations from your feelings or reactions to observations. A good dash to do this is to take your observations in a double-entry notebook. A double-entry notebook has two columns, one for what is directly observed and one is for what the observer interprets from the events. Here is an example Observation The teacher walks around the circle and speaks to each student individually. Interpretation The teacher seems to want to make trusted that each student understands the assignment. If you are observing a group that is not found in exoteric (such as a group of card players, a sports team, or a special-interest group), it may be perspicacious to plan to spend multiple sittings with the group. This will allow the group some time to adjust to your presence (and hence, for you to get more accurate observations).Recordings vs. Note-takingHow will you be observing? Will you be taking notes in a notebook? With a laptop? Will you be recording your observations in some way (with a digital camera, video camera, digital recorder, etc? How you choose to observe isanother important consideration that can affect the quality and results of your observations. Remember that you cannot capture everything that takes place with a recording or by even by taking detailed notes.What to ObserveObservational skills require some practice The key to being a good observer is to pay attention to the details of a situation, write as more as you can, and write it as detailed as possible. Before you observe, you should consider how you will focus your observationsbecause you sanctimony focus on everything Research is required for this essay. Read the sample observational essays and note how the students integrated research into their work. source http//owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/559/07/Write an observational essay about an intriguing place, person, or performance in your community. Your essay may be a brief profile of an individual based on one or two interview s a description of a place or activity observed once or twice or a longer, more fully developed profile of a person, place, or activity based on observational visits and interviews conducted over several days. Observe your subject closely, and and then present what you have learnedin a way that both informs and engages readers. Use lots of description. Possible topicideas for observation (see your school text for more ideas) -a church or temple (interview the minister/members)-a classroom (interview teacher/students)-a popular hangout-a hospital-any place thats different or gets you outside of your comfort zone-a ride along with an military officer-an AA meeting-a protest-a jail-hospice-homeless shelter-shelter for abused women with children

Focal Point Consultants Essay Example for Free

Focal fountainhead Consultants EssayWhile observing CanGo for last two weeks we at FPC (Focal Point Consultants ) have identified some six major foreshorten that we feel should be visited to consent to the organization to better achieve there over all told goals. First invadePriority 1 CanGo appears to have a fiscal issue and there is has not been a clear audit to address this issue. Also CanGo leases to learn how to consumption the resources that they already have and redefine the processes and procedures. First Recommendation The financial team at CanGo needs to work with all the key argonas of the company to conduct an audit of menstruation processes. This audit allow allow for everyone to review all the current processes that are in place and teach what they can do to enhance them and at the same epoch the financial team can use this data to outline how much the current processes are costing the company overall. At the conclusion of this epitome the reports wil l allow for the company to cut spending in the correct areas so that they can improves the others. thither are many things that can be through with(p) to make improvements without spending money or having to check new technology or devices.Within the warehouse for example the layout can be enhanced stock-stilltide to a greater extent so that people are not wasting period walking. Minor and Major changes to salutary(p) the layout will allow the CanGo to improve efficiency and overall performance. Each department head needs to put down a detailed time study on the processes they outlined above. Once this time study is complete then the data can be used to see what is victorious the longest and make changes to that process.By taking these steps it will allow CanGo to approach improvements in the correct manner by taking those actions that bustt have ny hit to the companys bottom line. After all these types of changes are complete that is when and only when money should be spe nt on new technology and devices to make processes much efficient. Second ConcernPriority 2 The loyalty of customers for the specific tar reaping market is declining. Second Recommendation prize about how you want to be treated as a consumer. Now apply that same innovation to the targeting market. Review the evaluations that are submitted by the consumers. It will tell what impression the company is make.Also, spend time in the Customer Service department. This the first point of contact for consumer. How they are handle will determine whether a consumer will return Customer service might just be the most critical of all in running your business. If your customers like how they are treated, not only will they keep coming back, nevertheless they will refer you to others. Treating customers as individuals and not as a stepping stone up your ladder of achiever can go a long way. Listen to their concerns and build a relationship with them.If your customer feels as though you have their best interest they will be loyal to you. Your customers can really do a lot of your marketing for you. Word of mouth, especially in a world where Facebook and Twitter are some peoples main way of communicating, is a very powerful tool (Debs trade Connections, 2012). Third Concern Priority 3 Online barter fors CanGo has talked about that they have a high rate of items added to the online obtain cart. Although this data does not support the amount of purchases actually received via CanGos online website.Third RecommendationHaving a high rate of items added to an online shopping cart means that you have a secure storefront and get customers to actually place the items within there shopping carts. This is only one ingredient of the multipart puzzle. The shopping site needs to be enhanced to entice the customer to actually complete their purchase as that is how we are going to make money overall. Since there is a high traffic meretriciousness to the website we would also recommend that the marketing team reach out to a third party website advertizing company that will pay to place ads on CanGos website.This will drive also be another source of revenue for CanGo so they can then reinvest this money back into the company. Fourth Concern Priority 4 While Reviewing the videos from weeks 3 and 4 I saw a issue that they is an issue within the warehouse and they do have a solution but no really reviewed the reports that Debbie provided. I think that these reports should have been reviewed firearm in the meeting so that they could have discussed all the points of the issue and the recommended solution to the warehouse productivity issue.Then Liz asked the group a question I wonder how the board will feel about this recommendation. Fourth Recommendation A solution to this problem would be to complete a full audit of the issue and do a trial run depth psychology of the proposed solution. This would allow for recommendations to be made to the board and the results of the proposed solution can be given right away. As people need to see measurable figures so that they can tell if something will be worth putting the time and money into the project.fifth part Concern Priority 5In the week 4 Videos they are talking about the market segment of boys in Japan. They ask each other questions about how they can get the market analysis complete and then the gentlemen having lunch say that I will do it. Fifth Recommendation There are a couple of thing on this problem that needs to be solved first managers should not interrupt an employees lunch unless it is extremely urgent. This is an issue because the employee stated he is Just trying to enjoy my lunch break. The Manager should have approached the employee at a later time when he was not at lunch.Then there is the issue of the market analysis. This assignment should get depute out to a third party marketing company that can tap into the market in Japan and gauge what the consumer wants. This w ould be a lot more cost effective than attempting the complete this analysis on their own and wasting resources that they dont have in the first place. Sixth Concern Priority 6 Sales are not increasing as projected for the company possibly due to the build of the online purchasing process. Sixth Recommendation Place a campaign run on the current online purchase process as a consumer.Time the entire process to see how long it takes. As the test run is being completed, keep the consumers needs and wants in mind. Determine if needs were met as well as satisfied. View the information available to see if its appealing to lead to the purchase the item. Also, notate likes and dislikes of the experience. bedevil a group of employees to assist to gather more information for comparison. Determine what updates can be enforced to entice the consumer to make a purchase. Keep track of different trends to keep a competitive delimitation for things like1.In-store pick up. In the past few mont hs weve seen Walmart implement in-store pick up for orders placed online, while Sears and Kmart are going a step further bringing online purchases out to your car. In Chicago, Sears and Kmart are even testing home delivery and bundling items with those from its sell partners at Sears Marketplace, further blurring the lines between online only retailers and those that came before. And in Florida, Farm Stores lets shoppers order groceries online and pick up at a drive through.2. Pick up depots. little retailers without a vast network of stores like Walmart or Sears may open designated pick up locations for goods enjoin online. Retail consultant Neil Stern of McMillan/Doolittle points to French retailer Chronodrive. com as an example.3. Mobile Apps. Smartphones are the dominant electric cell phone and apps for all platforms are growing. The ones that allow for price comparisons or send out coupons are already among the most heavily used with good reviews, but were just getting start ed.4. Less tacky more function. Forget about flashy apps or features like virtual dressing rooms.Consumers havent responded to these and rightly so. Maybe the technology will get there, but until it does, user reviews are better gauges of fit out fit and quality than any technology can offer.5. Video. Look for more user-generated video on retail sites. Retailers are letting customers upload video clips modeling new clothes or using a new purchase. Davis believes this is one trend that will definitely pick up speed.6. Social networking. Facebook and Twitter arent even close to played out yet. Consumers can increasingly like or follow a favorite retailer and get discounts or tips on deals.JCPenney is using Facebook to actually sell goods and more than 12 million consumers like Victorias Secret on Facebook as of last month (March), making it the most popular retailer on the site (its Pink brand ranks No. 2, according to the ChannelAdvisor Facebook business Index). Thats an active po pulation of customers reaching out and requesting information from the retailer. And social shopping is just getting started, says Jim Okamura, managing partner at Okamura Consulting, a group specializing in online retail. Theres evidence (that Facebook offers) a good return on investment and there are a lot of retailers that havent done anything yet, he says. This is going to be the year of Facebook testing.7. Daily deals and flash gross sales. This may seem like a very crowded playing field, but sites like Ruelala and OneKingsLane are reproducing at a furious pace. And found on how quickly many items sell out, often within minutes of email notifications going out, more will jump on this popular trend. 8. Retail groundingd social networks.This is one trend experts dont expect to happen at any large level. Sears is still trying to build a social network of its own customers and Walmart tried and abandoned a similar effort, neither attempt bodes well for its success. Facebook real ly owns this space, but look for small, focused sites to create communities of like-minded users, says Okamura. 9. International. Theres been an accelerating trend in international or cross border e commerce, of small niche online retailers are now doing 10-20% of their sales outside of their own country, says Okamura.Look to online shops like SousVide Supreme that sells specialized cooking equipment and StyleTrek. com, a community create to launch up and coming international designers as models. Other big name retailers like Zara and exceed Shop are building out their online business to reach U. S. shoppers, even as the store base grows more slowly. 10. Deal aggregators. Of course there are always deal sites, like Dealnews, ConsumerSearch, FatWallet and Brads Deals that are cutting through the din of so many sites and sales to bring consumers only the information theyre interested in. (Forbes, 2012).

Management Accounting Report Essay Example for Free

Management Accounting Report EssayIn end making process ambiguity, variability and uncertainty are often presentd. For this reason Risk synopsis is always part of any finding making process. Even if the access to information is unprecedented pull down then future cant be predicted accurately. For this reason Monte Carlo simulation is utilise which trys each(prenominal) the possible outcomes of decisions, access the impacts of risks and allow better decision making under uncertain web sites.Monte Carlo manakinIt is a computerized mathematical technique rumpd on broad class of computer algorithms which allow nation and organisations to calculate risks and hence helps in better decision making. Monte Carlo model can also be termed as a problem solving technique to calculate probability of outcomes by using hit-or-miss variables and multiple trials which are termed as simulations (Berg, 2004). Monte Carlo Simulation is used by professionals in engineering, medicine, ph ysics, chemists, project management, manufacturing, interrogation and development, environmental specialists, oil and gas and several business inclines. This is a reflective report in which grimace study of Fennel Design Project of Laura Watson company is used to predict the demand of greeting cards. The ram of the report is to speculate the situation of the Fennel Design project and also to provide a base for the companies experiencing these situations.This report uses discrete data of endless range In this report discrete data of continuous range is used. Example of discrete data is when a coin flips in air, it have two possibilities any head or tail. Whereas, a running engine might have many temperature changes at disparate time intervals which is an example of continuous data. Laura Watson is a new company and so can also face these uncertainties as they dont have any idea of when to produce, when to produce, supply and demand analysis and the situation which drives these factors. For this reason Monte Carlo Simulation is used to calculate predicted demand, risk analysis in order to provide company with useful information which then can be utilized to brace timely decision making. This report is divided into three main parts.In Monte Carlo Simulation we can take as many amounts of trials to get an accurate answer. But, in the given expressionstudy, business managers Alex and Laura took one 1000 trials. Number of trials increases the profit probabilities and helps in getting close results and reduces the chances of risks. In this question we have to calculate the determine of the cards and for this we used Descriptive Analysis Function in Microsoft Excel. This Function automatically calculates all statistical data like mean, median, mode and standard deviation. Whereas, in task two WHAT IF analysis helps us in getting the results within the given number of trials. It creates thee situations or results which are base case scenario, best case scena rio and worst case scenario.When the values of these situations are changed answer automatically changes. It is very helpful for managers in decision making. In task three risk simulation function and random functions are used which makes a balance between mean and standard deviation given in the projected demand. Rand command is used to calculate the cost of parts, random discreet method is used to. Variance Reduction is used to smirch non accurate profits. These all function enables to calculate price and predict risk. In this report every function is calculated independently to make the process easy to understand and clear. By using Monte Carlo Simulation we have calculated all the possible parameters required in the case study and also predicted the risk. It helps the managers to make quick and accurate decisions.BibliographyBerg, A. B. (2004). Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation and their Statistical Analysis. New Jersey World Scientific.

A tale of two airlines case Essay Example for Free

A tale of two airlines case EssayAs Professor Roger McPhersons hold saturnine to go through the security process a second time dragged on into its third mo on this Spring day in 2002, (all passengers had to be rescreened upon the discovery that one of the airport screening machines was unplugged) he was reminded of another delayed business trip and the role that information engineering science play in the story.At 530pm on February 15, 1995, 200 feet off the ground, Professor Roger McPherson gazed anxiously through the fog as his canvas moved to touch down at Hartsfield Airport in Atlanta, more than 1 hour and 15 flakes late. He had 30 minutes to catch his 600pm flight to London, where he would be opposition with the executive leadership of a major British power company to discuss their information strategy.He felt fortunate, however, to be flying this carrier, which had a reputation for outstanding service. He was even more comfy because he had a full-menu first-class tag and was a Gold Card member. Professor McPherson was always queasy about the large premium charged for full, first-class tickets, but knew that in a crunch it oftentimes meant the difference between a making a connection and missing one. He well remembered a decade ago flying this airline from Milan to London to connect to a flight to New York. bighearted weather then had also reduced his 1-hour-and-30-minute connect time to 10 minutes. A discussion of the task with the first-class cabin attendant had resulted in a phone call from the pilot to London (the airlines hub city), and a car to whisk him and one other passenger to the New York flight, which took off only one minute late. That extraordinary service had made Professor McPherson a 10-year devotee of the airline.In the network age, he knew it would be different and he was secure. The airline flying to London would have identified him off their computer as a close-connecting passenger. It would have noted he checked no ba gs through, and it would be anxious to capture his $2,500 fareabout 10 times that ofthe average passengeron an only moderately loaded flight.As his cream off pulled into the gate at 540pm, he knew it would be tight but he would vex it, particularly given the fact that all level(p)s were coming in late. Moving his 57-year-old frame into a wearisome recollection of a high school 400-meter specialist, he set off. Two escalator rides and one build up ride later, the gate came into sight and he braked to a halt at 553pm. It was close, but he had done it.Looking through the airport window, however, he was stunned to conform to the air bridge marooned from the skim with splendid teutonic efficiency 7 minutes early. The door to the bridge was closed, no operator was in sight, and he was reduced to waving his bags through the window to the pilot 20 yards away (it had, later all, worked once in a similar situation on Continental Airlines).Alas, by 558pm the plane was pushed back, an d the agents emerged and quite cheerfully (and unregretfully they had no clue who he was) booked him onto another airline that would leave 1 hour and 45 minutes later. He would be 30 minutes late for his meeting in London, but the executives would understand. Distinctly irritated, he straggled off to the new airlines first class waiting area to begin a frantic series of phone calls and faxes to the United Kingdom. As he trudged through the airport, McPherson began to see the beginning of a lecture on service in the network economy and the fact that technology is only a small enabling piece of a total service concept.At 750pm, comfortably seated in the first-class cabin of his new carrier, McPherson jerked to attention as the captain came on to announce that because of a leak in the hydraulic system, there would be an aircraft change and a two-and-one-half-hour delay. Sprinting off the plane, McPherson realized that the meeting with the power company executives, planned three months ago, would be over before he got there. The following day he was due in Frankfurt to give the keynote address at a major information systems conference.Flying to the United Kingdom to connect to Frankfurt would be a hassle and unnecessary since the purpose of stopping in the United Kingdom was now totally negated. Glancing up at the departure board, McPherson was surprised to see a 755pm boarding departure for a plane to Frankfurt, nine gates away. Pulling into the gate at 802pm, he discovered several things1. The plane was at the gate, and with commendable dispatch the gate agent relieved him of his London boarding pass and his London-to-Frankfurt ticket and hustled him onto the plane minutes before the door closed.2. The cabin attendant, giving him his favorite drink, explained that because of favorable tail winds crosswise the Atlantic and the fact that eight passengers (plus now McPherson and one other) had very tight connections, they had decided to hold the plane for 15 minute s to get the extra passengers and still arrive on schedule. The note of pride in the cabin attendants voice was evident.One-and-a-half hours later, appropriately wined and dined, McPherson drifted off to sleep, reflecting on what a remarkable case study had played out in front of him in the previous two hours. Information technology, operations strategy, management control, an empowered (also unempowered) work force, and service management had been interwoven into a tableau. A revised format for his speech in Frankfurt began to emerge. Best of all, he would not have to go through a case cede process because it had all happened to him.

Morality and Sister Essay Example for Free

Morality and Sister EssayApr 27, 2009 It is a ve ry moving story and when I establish the book I cried my eyes out. If you have not yet read the book, do yourself a party favour and do so. Some issues I What is the major bioethical issue in my sisters shop steward 4 answers19 Apr 2012 Parents Who else has seen the photo my sisters keeper 3 answers19 Sep 2011 My Sisters Keeper Moral Issues? Yahoo Answers3 answers17 Aug 2011 What was a social issue , in the movie My Sister 2 answers29 Mar 2011 More results from answers. yahoo.comCNS celluloid Review My Sisters Keeperwww.catholicnews.com/data/movies/09mv069.htm pertly YORK (CNS) The moral issues of My Sisters Keeper (New Line) are laid out for us even before the opening assign have finished rolling. Narrator My Sisters Keeper (Review of the Film, a tothesource article ecclesiaofwomen.ning.com/forum/topics/my-sisters-keeper-review-of Jul 9, 2009 The film My Sisters Keeper depicts the muddiness and suffering that The Isl and, My Sisters Keeper takes on a real-life issue commonly known as savior sibling. Technology, apart from any ethical or moral compass, has Ethical Issues On My Sister s Keeper Movie Free Essays 1 20www.sparknotes.com Literature Study Guides My Sisters Keeper In 2004, Picoult promulgated My Sisters Keeper. Like most of her works, the novel takes on a range of morally complex issues, from the ethics of inheritable My Sisters Keeper Health, Social, Ethical and Moral Issues.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay Example for Free

Hiroshima and Nagasaki EssayIt was the morning of Aug 6 1945. It was a very(prenominal) beautiful rosy sky. You heard the birds chirping and yet it was so peaceful and calm. All of a sudden there was a thud. Then suddenly everything went quite and nothing was left of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Then three days subsequently the same incident was repeated again where 70,000 and 40,000 pot instantly lost their lives. This was the United States first footmark towards technology when the first atomic bomb was dropped on the city of Hiroshima, japan. The impact of this bomb had kil lead nigh 70,000 complimentary civilians instantly.Even though the US knew the devastating effects of their weapons, they chose to drop it anyway. Three days later some other bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki. This had demolished ab divulge two squargon miles of the city and had make upn about forty-thousand innocent lives. This was the end of the World War II. This all had started when Presiden t Harry Tru valet wanted to test out the Manhattan project. The Manhattan Project was a codename for a project that that was being d iodin in the World War II to create the first atomic bomb.The little boy the bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima was made with uranium-235. The bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki was made with plutonium-239 and called the fat man. The choice of target was recommended by the Target Committee at Los Amos and was led by J. Robert Oppenheimer. He has recommended the Kyoto, Hiroshima, Nagasaki and Kokura as the targets. there were several requirements in choosing the location to drop the fat man and little boy. The blast had to create an effective damage. The target was larger than three miles and was close to the urban area.And it was unswayed from any attacks. Hiroshima was described as an important army depot and port of embarkation in the set of an urban industrial area. It is a good radar target and it is such a size that a large part of the city coul d be extensively damaged. There are adjacent hills which are presumable to produce a focusing effect which would considerably increase the blast damage. Due to rivers it is not a good incendiary target (Wikipedia). Hiroshima also had a study army base that had headquarters to the fifth and the 2nd army headquarters.Also, Hiroshima had mountains that surrounded it so the damage could be more effective. When the planes that carried the bombs to Hiroshima they were picked up by the Japanese air raid and had send out an alarm. But when the Japanese saw that it was only three planes they had lifted the alarm thinking that they might be just the regular visitors the US was sending over. When the bomb was throw the Tibbets recalled A bright light filled the plane. The first shockwave hit us. We were eleven and a half miles set up range from the atomic explosion but the whole airplane cracked and crinkled from the blast.We turned blanket to look at Hiroshima. The city was hidden by tha t awful cloud mushrooming, terrible and incredibly big (WWII database). many a(prenominal) of those who had survived had it far worse than the ones that died instantly. They had been badly and severely burned that they looked like living charcoal pieces. Many of the ones that survived all of this died of radiation poisoning and some even had started to vomit their insides out and had died. Majority of the areas hospitals were in a part of Hiroshima that was destroyed and over 90 percent of the doctors were killed.People that escaped unbruised or hurt would suffered bald and nosebleeds, because days after the explosion the radiation levels were dangerously high. And by the end of 1945 the Hiroshima victims had increased from 90,000 to 150,000. Majority of the volume that were killed were Koreans. Because the communication process was delayed due to the devastation president Truman said If they do not now accept our terms, they may expect a rain of ruin from the air the likes of w hich has never been seen on this earth, he said, He later gave the go-ahead to drop the second atomic weapon on Japan (WWII database).The secondment bomb was intended for the city of Kokura. But due to the bad weather that was moving in the enumeration had moved up two days. The city of Nagasaki was a very important sea port in Southern Japan. The results of the Fat man was much greater than the one produced by little boy. Around 75,000 people were immediately killed. The day after the attack Japans emperor had over ruled the war machine leaders of Japan and had forced them to give into the surrender unconditionally (doe. gov). This had ended the World War II. presently after the city was starting to be built again but the devastation area was preserved. nowadays both Hiroshima and Nagasaki are doing really well. They have a large automobile industry that includes brands like mazda, and Mitsubishi. There still are people who suffer the effects of the radition but very few of the m are left. The world went from null to almost 1 gazillion people in each city. In Nagasaki there are hotels on the mountainside with houses, and shops around the neighborhood. Some people had thought that because of the high radiation levels nothing would call down here for decades.But people were shocked when the plants started to grow from under the debris. People had built themselves temporary huts to forfend bad weather. But three months later aide had come from the American-Directed occupation government and the construction had began. straightaway the city of Nagasaki has a population of about 440,000 people. And Hiroshima today has a population of about 1. 12 million people. In todays world there major industry there is machinery, automotive which produced the Mazda car, and food processing. They have malls, and major department stores.Even though there were two big bombs dropped on the Japans two of the industrial cities, Japan had gone into a total economic and tradit ional decline. The Japans economy was devastated. America had to grade in and to help the Japanese economy to get back up, so therefore most of the American values and traditions were incorporated into the Japanese culture. I think it was morally wrong for the Americans to use the atomic bombs and take so many of the innocent lives. After all as always America is the only one that wants to be in power and that was the result of that.

Garnier Report Essay Example for Free

Garnier Report EssayThe first Garnier harvest-tide was made by Alfred Garnier in 1904, a hairsbreadth tonic. The full company name, Laboratories Garnier, originated in the 1920s as a manufacturing business of haircare products made with organic ingredients. Garnier continues that mission today, as all of its products are made with natural ingredients. The LOreal host has owned Garnier since 1965.LOrealLOreal, based in France and the United States, has been in operation since 1909. It now owns five divisions including Garnier. LOreal has a focalisation on research, especially studies in sustainable development, with research centers on three continents. ProductsGarnier currently has three product lines Fructis, Nutrisse and Nutritionist. Fructis, started in 1996, is the Garner line of haircare and styling products. Nutrisse, Garniers hair color line released in 2002, was originally called Natea when it debuted in 1998. Natea wasnt as successful in the United States as in Europ e, hence the name change. Garnier started selling Nutritionist, its skincare product line, in 2005.InnovationBesides introducing Alfred Garniers hair tonic in 1904, when people still employ soap on their hair, Garnier has been the first to produce sun-care items (in 1936) and the first to make a permanent home hair color (in 1960). Today Garnier is the number-one brand in Europe using natural ingredients.ResearchGarnier exemplifies LOreals emphasis on scientific study. Research for Garnier goes through four stages at one of LOreals sixteen research centers. Then Garnier conducts clinical studies and consumer studies before releasing the product, as well as surveys afterwardGarnier uses scientifically proven, natural ingredients to promote optimum hair health and let inner beauty shine through. The Garnier Fructis hair care line and Garnier Fructis stylus products, allow women of all hair types to get the gorgeous locks they want.Garnier products have garnered prestigious beauty a wards from top magazines want Allure, Health Magazine, More Magazine, CosmoGirl, and Cosmopolitan. The brand is also a sponsor of Project Runway and models of this popular pragmatism show strut the catwalk with styles powered by Garnier products.

Media portrayal of young people today Essay Example for Free

Media portrayal of young slew today stressAdolescents- threat or asset to society? Discuss how media portrayal of young people today and in the away influences the concept of adolescence. This assessment willing look at the various media that was used in the past and is used presently and consider the influence that it has on the perception of adolescence. Whether or not they are visualized as an asset or threat to society will also be looked at. The essay will discuss twain past and present media influences and state how there has been a change in both the use of media and the growth. Also why the media portray adolescence in particular ways. The way in which teenagers view themselves will also be briefly touch on. in that respect is an array of media that produces information about adolescents these can entangle radio, newspapers, magazines and television documentaries. The media tends to create stereotypical images of young people that generalise and brand all young p eople even though they are part of a much broader group. Young people often harness ways to express themselves, which are different to the generally accepted finish of their society.The various means by which they express themselves and mix are known as young culture. (Jahsonic. com, 1996) There is no single youth culture in modern society, instead there is a variety of different youth subcultures. There are many reasons for this, such as there are more styles available and also a higher disposable income in family households to spend on todays fashions and the media is a bigger influence than it use to be on young people too. (Direct essays)In the 1960s there was a rebellion that swept crossways North America and Western Europe the term that is commonly used to refer to this is counterculture. The counterculture included the familiar revolution which started in the late 1960s and early 1970s this change in sexual demeanor in young people took place mainly in the wealthy wester n countries but in particular the U. S. A. and the U. K. especially after the introduction of the birth control pill. (Jahsonic.com, 1996) The violence in the 60s and 70s was limited to a small sector of young males but it wasnt as prevalent as it is now or as documented. Female youths were rarely involved or it was relatively unheard of but now there is a small sector of violent female gangs. In the Sunday Times in 1994 the title wampum n Spice but Not at all Nice was used to describe the growth of girl gangs in society in which the girls would have convictions of assault, GBH, criminal damage and being drunk and disorderly. (University of Leicester, 2001)BooksSantrock, J. 2005, Adolescence tenth Edition, McGraw Hill.WebPagesDirect essays, A Single Youth Culture?http//www.directessays.com/newpaper.php?request=16662Accessed 18/04/2005Jahsonic.com, 1996, A vocabulary of culture 60s, 70s and 80shttp//www.jahsonic.com/

University education Essay Example for Free

University education EssaySummary This article is about the divers(a) different ideas to influence college students to calculate class. Several professors feel that by using the students attendance and their class affair as part of their grade that more(prenominal) students would attend class. Studies establish that students who attend class ar more likely to get higher graduation rates. Some students feel that the information taught in class should also be available online, which results in students non coming to class. The researchers are saying that by the professors pleasing the students, has take to easier classes where students tire outt learn as much as they used to. Ultimately, the choice is the students and the ones that show up to class are the ones getting the most information, and higher success rates. Essay College attendance rates are going down as well as graduation rates. College students wonder why there not graduating or dischargeing their classes. I ll tell you why several students are failing. Students have a obligation to show up to class to learn the information taught so they can pass, but if students dont show up they cant receive that information. So with students not going to class they dont receive all the information hireed to pass test, exams, and complete homework assignments.Should attendance be a part of the students grade? I feel that if the students attendance is incorporated into their grade that more students are going to get lower grades. The students are there to better themselves and if they dont want to show up to class then(prenominal) they are only hurting themselves. The students know that if they dont attend class then they wont receive all the information to do well and pass the class. I agree with researcher Marcus Crede that mandatory attendance at the college level is the wrong approach.Professors should influence their students to experience to class in other ways than using attendance as part of their grade. The easiest solution to this job is for the students to attend class. All college students shouldnt have to be told this because they know what is expected of them and what they have to do to pass. commencement rates should increase as long as the students attend class and pay attention. Students attendance shouldnt have to be a percentage of their grade, but if thats what it takes to increase graduation rates then thats what will have to happen.So if you want to be a successful college student you need to attend class, pay attention, and study for your test and exams. Reflection I feel that I did a true(p) job rationaliseing the key points of the article in my own words. Also I think that I grade all the key points in the correct paragraphs. My weaknesses are repeating myself in different words. Also not explaining my thoughts clearly and easily understood. I used too many of my own thoughts without any examples from the text to explain my thoughts.

Different Types Of Network Devices

assorted Types Of entanglement De debilitysInfrastructure credentials depends on the correct occasion of the profit components. Network components ar an natural aspect of the computing environment to improve the performance and certificate. The interlock components such(prenominal) as routers, merchandisees and cables connect to the firewalls and gateways that direct communication from the net income design to the protocols employed.If security fails then the availability of the system fails. Security failures bum emit in two ways as follows1. Sometimes un appoint exploiters admission fee the resources and entropy, which they atomic number 18 non authorised to physical exercise.2. Security failure prevents the engager from vexing the resources and data, the user is authorised to use.Both these security failures atomic number 18 serious. and so, primary coating of earnings infrastructure security is to allow all authorised usage and pass over all unlicensed usage of resources.8.2 DevicesTodays business environment consists of non solo clients and bonifaces but also web tresss that be undeniable to connect them. These vane devices are called communication devices. These devices are hubs, switches, routers, LAN cards, gateway, modem, hardware firewall and so on. This also includes tuner gravel points, special-purpose devices such as Virtual Private Network (VPN) devices. Each of these devices has a specific meshwork functions and plays an important role in makeing network infrastructure security.8.2.1 WorkstationsThe workstations are client discipline processing systems in the client- horde architecture. This device is employ to send and ingest e-mail, to create spreadsheets, to write report in a word processing political platform and to play game. Many threats to information security flowerpot start at a workstation when it is connected to a network.Workstation security can be maintained by following basic steps a s follows crawfish all share point that is not required.Rename the administrator account and inviolabled it with a strong password. abolish unnecessary user accounts.Install an antivirus program and suffer it updated.Disable USB ports in CMOS settings to restrict data withdraw through USB devices.Install firewall amongst the machine and the net profit.Install latest patch for the operating system (OS) and keep the OS up to date.8.2.2 ServersServers are the computers in a network that force applications and data for users to share. Servers are lendable in many sizes, from small single CPU systems to multiple CPU systems such as mainframe computer computers. Servers use operating system such as Windows Server, Linux, UNIX and new(prenominal) mainframe operating systems. Server OS is more robust than the workstation OS and is designed to service multiple users over a network at the same time. Workstation security basic steps are applicable to boniface as well.8.2.3 Network interface CardsNetwork Interface Card (NIC) is a hardware device apply to connect a server or workstation to a network. A NIC is employ for particular type of network connection, either ethernet or token ring. In local flying field networks, ethernet protocol is the most common network type in use and RJ-45 is most common connector.A NIC is the physical connection between a computer and the network. NICs are available as single-port and multiport NIC. Workstation use single-port NIC, as only a single network connection is required. Whereas, server use multiport NIC to increase the number of network connections that increases the data throughput to and from the network. Every NIC has a 48-bit unique number, referred to as a Media Access Control (MAC) wield which is stored in Read Only Memory (ROM). MAC bid is used in the addressing and delivery of network packets to the correct system.8.2.4 HubsHub is a central connecting device in a computer network. It connects multiple machi nes together in a star configuration with the hub as the centre. Hub mails all data packets that are received, to all LAN cards in a network. The intended recipient picks the data and all other computers discard the data packets. Hub has five, eight, sixteen and more ports. One of the ports is called up affaire port and this port is used to connect with the bordering hub.8.2.5 BridgesBridges operate at the data link layer of the OSI model. Bridges check the future traffic and decide whether to forward or discard it.8.2.6 SwitchesSwitches are a type of networking device equivalent to hubs, which connect network equipment together. In todays high-performance network environment switches sacrifice replaced both hubs and bridges. Switches operate at the data link layer of the OSI model. It uses MAC address of network cards to route packets to the correct port.Switches are intelligent network devices and are therefore can get hijacked by hackers. Switches are administered using th e guileless Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and telnet protocol. Both the protocols have a serious weakness. These two protocols send passwords crossways the networks in clear text. In such instances hacker can capture the administrative password. The major chore with the switch is that it ship with default passwords. If user does not change this password during setup, hacker can slowly access it.Caution To seize a switch, disable all access protocols other than a secure protocol such as Secure Shell (SSH). Use only secure methods to access switch go away limit the expo current to hackers and malicious users.8.2.7 RoutersRouter connects two or more computer networks and then exchanges packets of data between them. Each data packet contains address information that a router can use to control if the source and destination are on the same network, or if the data packet must be repositionred from one network to another. Routers operate at the network layer of the OSI model. It has two or more network interfaces through which network traffic is forwarded or blocked. They are used to segment networks into smaller subnets or to link multiple networks together. The router decides how and when to forward packets between the networks based on an internal routing table. Routing table tells the router which packets to forward.Routers allow technicians to explicitly deny some packets the ability to be forwarded between segments. For example, internal security experiences of some routers can prevent users on the internal network from using telnet to access right(prenominal)(a) system. Telnet is always a security find as the passwords and all communications are transmitted in clear text. Hence, do not create telnet sessions between the internal network and an international network.Router has the ability to block spoofed packets. Spoofed packets are packets that contain an IP address in the header which is not the actual IP address of the source computer. Hac kers used this technique to fool the systems present that the packet came from an authorised system whereas, it actually came from the hackers system. Router has the ability to drop such packets.Routers are available in various sizes, small and big and from different vendors. Small router is used with cable modem and DSL service. (Figure). Larger routers portion out traffic of up to tens of gigabytes per second per channel, using lineament visual cables and moving tens of thousands of concurrent net connections crossways the network.8.2.8 FirewallsA firewall is hardware or a software program that is used to protect an internal network from outside intruders. It is much like a wall with a window. The wall keeps clarifiedgs out, except those permitted through the window. (Figure.). Network security policies act like a glass in the window. Security policies define what traffic is allowable and what traffic is to be blocked or denied. For example, Web server connected to the pr ofits may be configured to allow traffic only on port 80 for HTTP and have all other ports blocked. Firewall allows only the necessary access for a function, and block or denies all unnecessary functions.8.2.9 WirelessIn wireless device, radio waves or infrared carry data, that allows anyone wi beautiful range access to the data. Placing a wireless device behind the firewall does not serve, as firewall stops only physically connected traffic from attain the device.The devices associated with wireless networking are wireless access points. The wireless network cards are used to channelise with the access points. (Figure). Wireless access points have a limited range within which they can fleet with the client systems. When planning a wireless implementation within a new construction, make sure that the external walls contain metal studs that are grounded. Create wireless shield by using thin layers of aluminium under the drywall. This will block radio infection into and out of the building. This will also interpose with pager and cellular phone usage.Note Applying secure transmission protocols and configuring the wireless access point to only accept authorised connections will help in securing a network.8.2.10 ModemsModulator and Demodulator (Modem) converts analogue signals to digital and vice versa. Modems are slow method of out-of-door connection that is used to connect client computers to outback(a) operate over standard telephone lines. Modems are becoming less necessary, but many corporate systems unchanging have modems installed for remote access.In corporate network, modems are regain in Remote Access advantage (RAS) servers and fax servers. Corporate users remotely access their system configuring modem in their PC. This is done when no other remote access solution is available or the existing remote access solution is inconvenient. These types of situations can rear an intruder the entry point to a network. The best solution to avoid this is to implement a security policy to control the installation of modems on corporate systems. Also verify that systems which use up modems are flop secure.8.2.11 Telecom/PBXIn the IT security field Telecommunication (Telecom) is often overlooked. Most small companies use a small number of dedicate telephone lines for both incoming and outgoing calls. However, in larger companies having dedicated lines for thousands of employees is both inefficient and expensive. Hence, to overcome these problems install a Private Branch eXchange (PBX).A PBX is a device that handles routing of internal and external telephone lines. This allows a company to have limited number of external lines and an unlimited number of internal lines. PBX systems are cost beneficial to large companies but they also have their own vulnerabilities. PBX s is designed to be maintained by an off station vendor and therefore have remote access available. The remote access can be through a modem or through a LAN. Hence, d isable these remote access methods to limit the susceptibility to direct remote access attacks until the vendor is notified that they need to perform maintenance or prepare an update.8.2.12 RASRemote Access Service (RAS) connects the client and server through a dial-up telephone connection. It is slower than cable and Digital subscriber line (DSL) connection. When a user dials into the computer system, certificate and authorisation are performed through a remote access protocols. RAS servers bye security feature such as mandatory callback. This allows server to call back to the client at a set of telephone number for the data exchange.For more information on remote access protocols refer chapter 9, Authentication and Remote Access8.2.13 VPNVPN allows users to create a secure tunnel through an unbolted network to connect to their corporate network. In large environments, VPNs are less expensive to implement and maintain than RAS servers, because there is no incoming telephone line or modem. In addition, a higher(prenominal) level of security can be implemented as communications are encrypted to create a secure tunnel.8.2.14 Intrusion Detection SystemsIntrusion Detection Systems (IDS) is a device designed to monitor network or system activities for malicious activities or policy violations. They are an essential part of network security. on that point are two main types of IDS that are used network-based IDS and host-based IDS.For more information on intrusion sleuthing systems refer chapter 11, Intrusion Detection Systems8.2.15 Network Access ControlNetwork Access Control is a method of network security that restricts the availability of network resources to endpoint devices as defined in the security policy. There are two main competing methodologies exist Network Access Protection (NAP) and Network entryway Control (NAC). NAP is a Microsoft applied science that controls network access of a computer host whereas, NAC is Ciscos technology that controls n etwork admission.8.2.16 Network Monitoring or DiagnosticThe computer network needs continuous monitor or diagnostic routine to keep administrators aware of the status of the network and allow them to take restorative actions to say-so problems. This can be done through monitoring software or dedicated devices located on the network. Network monitoring or diagnostic equipment that is remotely accessible uses strong password and encrypted sessions to handle security vulnerabilities.8.2.17 Mobile DevicesMobile phones and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) are the latest devices used to send and receive e-mail, connect to remote network applications, browsing the Web and so on. Many of the devices have word processor and spreadsheet applications and the ability to store limited amounts of data. Since these devices can be connected to the Internet, they are remotely accessible to potential attackers. Hence, use data encryption which is available in newer mobile devices built into their OS or use third-party software.8.3 MediaMedia is used for transmitting data to and from network devices. The media can be either in the form of wire, fibre or radio frequency waves. There are four common methods used to connect devices at the physical layer as follows homocentric crease writhe-pair CableFibre OpticsWirelessCoaxial Cable Coaxial cables are used for cabling televisions, radio sets and computer networks. The cable is referred to as coaxal because both the centre wire and the braided metal shield share a common axis. It is less susceptible to interference. Today, coaxial cable is replaced by faster and cheaper ill-shapen-pair cable.UTP/STP Twisted pair cables replaced coaxial cables in ethernet networks. Single pairs of twisted cables reduce electrical crosstalk and electromagnetic interference. Multiple groups of twisted pairs are then bundled together and tardily wired between devices. Twisted pairs are of two types Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twis ted Pair (STP). STP has a foil shield around the pairs to provide extra shielding from electromagnetic interference. Whereas, in UTP twist itself eliminates interference.Depending upon the data transmission, twisted pair cables are classified into three different categories as follows jackassegory 3 (Cat 3) It is used for data and voice transmission and for 10Mbps Ethernet.Category 5 (Cat 5/ Cat 5e) It is used for 100 Mbps fast ethernet. Cat 5e is an enhanced version of the Cat 5 specification to address far end crosstalk.Category 6 (Cat 6) It is used for gigabit ethernet.Fibre Fibre is a very thin piece of glass or ductile that has been stretched out and enclosed in a sheath. Fibre optic cable uses beams of laser light to connect devices. It transfers data over long distances and at higher speeds. Since it does not contain any metal part to conduct current, it is not vulnerable to electromagnetic interference. This also protects it from lighten up strikes. Two major drawbacks using these cables are their high cost. Other drawback is the connection has to be optically complete(a) or performance will be downgraded or the cable may not work.Figureunguided Media Unguided media does not use any physical connector between the two devices for communication. The data transmission and reception is through the air or antenna and is referred to as wireless. The three types of wireless media are as followsRadio wavesMicrowavesInfrared waves8.4 Transmission Media Security8.5 Removable MediaRemovable media is a type of storage device that can be removed from a computer while the system is cultivatening. These media introduces virus when they are accustomed back to the network. Theft or loss of organisation secret information stored on a media can be severe financial problem or it will effect on organisations reputation. These issues can be rectified by using security policies and software. The removable media are of three types magnetic, optical and flash memory. magnetised Media Magnetic media devices are hard drives, floppy disks, zip disks and magnetic show. Each device is sensitive to external magnetic field. These devices are also affected by the high temperatures and by exposure to water.For the security worry about the critical and important organisational data, do not allow users to bring floppy disk inner the organisation, as they could contain viruses or other malicious programs. Another security policy can be applied by removing floppy disk drive from users computers. Encrypting the contents of a hard drive and tape ensures the security of data.Optical Media Optical media such as CD, DVD, blu-ray and optical jukebox hold the data in digital form. The data on the physical media is read and write by laser. Optical disks are not vulnerable to magnets consequently, they are more reliable and durable than the magnetic tape. CDs are very vulnerable to macrocosm scratched. If the plastic disk from the media is scratched too much, the laser will be unable to reflect through the plastic and the data will not be readable. For security of data, do not allow personal CDs at heart office premises. Only authorised users should have the access to these devices and for other users these devices should be disabled or physically removed from the computers.Electronic Media The electronic media uses integrated circuit technology to store the data hence they are more stable. Since these devices are small and portable, they can be used to store limited amounts of data when portability or reliability are key necessities. Smart cards, flash cards, memory sticks and CompactFlash devices are examples of electronic media. These devices are commonly used in digital cameras, mobile phones, MP3 player, video game consoles and so on. These devices are also used to transfer data between computers. Hence, they can easily carry the virus and worms with data. For security purpose run the antivirus software before transferring any d ata.8.6 Security TopologiesMultiple hardware devices are connected within a network and a key characteristics of a network is its layout or topology. Security topology is implemented in such a way that it provides the internal security and public access. For example, to place an online order the organisation will require Web servers which can be accessed by the users. Then the Web servers will require access to internal database servers and internal users will require access to different servers and Internet.8.6.1 Security ZonesModern secure network have different layers of protection with outermost layer provides basic protection and the innermost layer provides the highest level of protection. Trade-offs between access and security are handled through regularizes with successive partitions guarded by firewalls. The outmost zone is the Internet is guarded by the firewall. The internal secure corporate network and the Internet is an airfield where computers are considered at risk . This zone is called as Demilitarised Zone (DMZ).DMZ DMZ acts as a buffer zone between the Internet and organisations internal secure network. To differentiate the zones, a firewall is placed at both sides of the DMZ. The firewalls are placed in such a way that the Internet users cannot directly access the organisations secure data (Refer to Figure ).Web servers, remote access server and external e-mail servers are fall in DMZ area. Domain name servers and database servers which has organisation important data should not be accessible to the Internet users. As well as application servers, file servers and print servers of trusted network zone should be placed behind both the firewalls. The main idea behind using the DMZ topology is to result an outside user to get across DMZ before user can access information inside the trusted network zone.Internet The Internet is a worldwide connection of networks. It is used to transfer e-mail, Web pages, files, financial records between netw orks. It is an untrusted network as it is not possible to apply security policies. Hence a firewall should be present between organisations trusted network and the Internet.Intranet Intranet resides inside the trusted area of a network and network administrators can manage its security. Intranet Web servers contents are not available to the Internet users. The organisation data can be communicateed to outside users with two methods as follows1. Information can be duplicated onto computers in the DMZ so that untrusted users can access it2. Extranets can be used to publish data to trusted users.Extranet Extranet allows outside users such as companys partners, vendors, customers and resellers to share some of the business information with authentication and authorization. Extranet allows to access data available on the intranet mainly in the DMZ. To provide security and privacy of the information, extranet requires firewall server management or digital certificates or user authentic ation, encryption of messages. To protect it from unauthorised access use the VPN.VLAN Virtual LAN (VLAN) is network of computers and these computers are connected to the same broadcast domain, even though they are physically located on different location. VLAN s are configured through software hence they are more flexible. When system is physically moved to different location, without any hardware reconfiguration the system stick on the same VLAN. Increased network performance, easy manageability, less configurations and higher security is the advantages of VLAN.Note A broadcast domain is a network (or portion of a network) that will receive a broadcast packet from any node located within that network.NAT Network Address Translation (NAT) is developed by Cisco. It is commonly used in TCP/IP network. It works at OSI layer 3 which is network layer. It uses two sets of IP addresses, one set for internal use and other for external use.NAT is a feature of firewalls, proxies and routi ng capable systems. It has ability to hide the IP address and the internal network from the Internet users. This feature of NAT reduces the risk of strangers to collect important information about the network such as structure of a network, the network layout, the names and IP address of systems, and so on. Hence, they cannot gain access of the network.NAT enables internal users within an organisation to use nonroutable IP addresses which means that these IP addresses will not be routed across the Internet. These IP address is called snobbish IP address.The private address ranges are as follows break up A 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255Class B 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255Class C 192.168.0.0- 192.168.255.255After NAT configuration, external malicious users can access only the IP address of the NAT host that is directly connected to the Internet. The users are not able to access any of the internal systems that go through the NAT host to access the Internet. When NAT is used to hide interna l IP addresses (Refer to Figure), it is called a NAT firewall.Internal users communicate with outside networks through the NAT device such as NAT router (Refer to Figure). This NAT router has a routing table. This table keeps track of all connection requests that have come from internal network. Each outgoing request proceeds through NAT and replaces the internal users IP address with its own IP address. This IP address then forwards to the final destination. Returned packets look up in the routing table and forward the information to the correct internal user.8.7 Chapter Review Questions1. Which layer of the OSI model switches operate?(A) somatogenetic layer(C)Network layer(B)Data link layer(D) comport layerautonomic nervous system B2. Which layer of the OSI model router operates?(A)Physical layer(C)Network layer(B)Data link layer(D)Transport layerAns C3. DSL stands for ________.(A)Domain Subscriber discover(C)Digital Specific Line(B)Domain Specific Line(D)Digital Subscriber LineA ns D4. What should you do to secure data on the hard drive if the drive is removed from the site?(A)Encrypt the data(C) register the data(B)Compress the data(D)Keep strong password to log into all computers at the siteAns A5. Which is the most secure cable for implementing a secure network infrastructure?(A)Coaxial cable(C)Fibre cable(B)Twisted-pair cable(D) no(prenominal) of theseAns C6. What network topology area will contain public Web servers?(A)VPN(C)Firewall(B)VLAN(D)DMZAns D7. What network topology area will contain critical servers such as private Web servers, domain controllers or SQL servers?(A)Intranet(C)Internet(B)Extranet(D)DMZAns A8. What network topology area will allow business partners, customers to access the owners intranet?(A)Intranet(C)Internet(B)Extranet(D)DMZAns B9. Network access control is associated with which of the following?(A)NAT(C)IPv6(B)IPsec(D)NAPAns D10. The purpose of twisting the cables in twisted-pair circuits is to _____.(A)reduce crosstalk(C)in crease bandwidth(B)increase speed(D)None of theseAns A8.7.1 Answers1. B2. C3. D4. A5. C6. D7. A8. B9. D10. ASummaryIn the chapter, Infrastructure Security, you learnt aboutDifferent types network devices such as Workstations, Servers, NIC, Hubs, Bridges, Switches, Routers, Firewalls, Wireless, Modems, Telecom/PBX, RAS, VPN, IDS, Network Access Control, Network Monitoring and Diagnostic and Mobile Devices.Different types of communication media between the devices such as Coaxial Cable, UTP/STP Cable, Fibre Cable and Unguided Media.Different types of removable media such as Magnetic Media, Optical Media and Electronic Media.Different types of security topologies such as DMZ, Internet, Intranet, Extranet, VLAN and NAT.