The Past, Present Future of Mäori Smokers

The Past, Present Future of Mori SmokersIntroduction tobacco plant with the scientific lift of Nicotiana tabacum is a plant cognize to originate on s bulge outhwest America during prehistoric times and propagate northward to North America. foresighted before Columbus discovered America 5000 years ago it was believed that the indigen Americans already adapted, domesticated and refined the do of baccy plant. Europeans and Spanish explorers spread baccy to Europe and and so to Asia including here in young Zealand, since then tobacco plant is the fastest spreading plant in human history (Herrick, C., Herrick, C., Mitchel, M. 2010). indigen Americans first design this by shamans (medicine men) in sacred ceremonies by drying the leaves and gage it in pipes. Tobacco have played an important role in the history, it is an important bartering product during the precolonial times and was one of the causality in the spread of slavery and the means to win the war for the indepe ndence of America. Now a days, many people all over the world use tobacco as a recreation despite the many negative known effects from its use. People potful tobacco because of its psychoactive effects which in turn relieve anxiety or a means of residuum from stress and pressure, it stimulate the mind to be more(prenominal) active and sometimes cause hallucination while most of the time people specifically the younger generations start to slew to look mature, be alike(p) their friends and to experiment. By the time the younger generation becomes an adult, they become addicted and becomes their habit they cannot get to away from in the long run. Tobacco green goddess known to cause serious preventable diseases that could lead to decease such as cancers of diametric kinds, heart diseases and stroke. This study will describe how did the Mori people risk tobacco roll of tobacco, the ingest trends of Mori and lastly discuss the ways the regime acts to these trends.The Beginni ngKai paipa or literally mean eating pipe and momi paipa overly means sucking pipe, this atomic number 18 the terms the early Mori use to associate sess but Mori did not know tobacco smoking until 1700s when Europeans arrived in New Zealand. The first time they saw pile Cook smoking a tobacco, the chief threw water over his full point to see if his head was burning since smoke comes out of his mouth. He then told to the Mori with him that if the water will put the fire out then he is human, if not then he is a demon and should be killed. After the water will run down his head, the wipe out the fire in the pipe, then it was decided that James Cook was and then a human. Since then, tobacco was widely used as a touchstone trade item by 1800s. It was use a payment for Mori (including children) for services and or as a form of gift in exchange of land and resources. By then Mori of all sexuality and age become fond of tobacco smoking.Current TrendsCurrently there atomic number 18 45.4 percentage of Adult Mori identified as smokers, this is more than two times the smoking rate of non- Mori. 800 Mori dies every year because of different smoking-related diseases which puts tobacco smoking as a pencil lead cause of preventable death among Mori in New Zealand (Ministry of wellness 2009). Mori adults have two times (women) and one and a half(prenominal) (men) the rate of smoking in total population. About 30 percent of Mori women smoke during their pregnancy in New Zealand (Glover, M. et al. (2007). The number with child(p) numbers of Mori smokers resulted to $260 million in tobacco taxes each year. consume during pregnancy can result to different kinds of complication to the unborn child. This complications are Sudden infant syndrome (SIDS), premature labour and birth defects like spina bifida, whirl palate, clubfoot, congenital heart diseases and much more.Mori begins to smoke at an just age of 14.6 years, but experimentation and initiation of smoking t obacco begins at the age of 10.7 years. On the former(a) chip in their non- Mori counterparts instills smoking at the age of 11.8 years old, much older than Mori. (Paynter, J. 2008) in general, it is inform the youth got their tobacco by purchasing it themselves or from their friends and family.The rise of Mori smokers in New Zealand subsequently also increase the number of Mori that are exposed to second hand smoke. A report shows a 23 percent of Mori are exposed to second hand smoke inside their homes while 10.9 percent for non- Mori. 30.1 percent of Mori exposed inside the car compared to 12.6 percent for their non- Mori counterpart (New Zealand Tobacco Use Survey 2006).The current trends suggest that the overall population in New Zealand, basing on ethnicality, the Mori are much more wedded to smoking compared to other ethnicity. The current trend on Mori smoking rates also resulted in a 22 percent of Mori deaths that relates to smoking compared to non- Mori which only have 20 percent of death rate (Peto, R. 2006).The HelpThe principle of the treaty of Waitangi says that the crown has a province to actively protect the Mori interest, the word Mori interest includes the health and safety. The needs of both Mori and the wider community must be met. wellness must be available to all and treat everyone equally. On health promotion and health programs, Mori should get involve in the planning, de live onry and monitoring in partnership with the governing body and non-government organizations for it to be successful. The Ministry of health of New Zealand set 3 objectives basing on the current trends of smoking. These are to reduce smoking initiation, to increase quitting and lastly to reduce exposure to second-hand smoke. disparate programs and promotions were establish to attain these objectives. Some of this programs/ spues are(Ministry of Health 2014) national lay off Month Is provided by ASH New Zealand (Action on Smoking and Health), this ensure is a national campaign with the aim to create sixty-five gram quit attempts with the help of different networks of professionals, media, commercial or business partners and other organizations.WERO (Group tip smoking competition) Auckland UniServices are providing this see. In the regurgitate, different ethnic groups in New Zealand, including Mori and Pacific peoples compete for the most number of smoke quitters. This is with the help of different smoking cessation provider and coach. The project hopes to initiate mass quitting, because this groups are competitive in nature.Campaign to enhance smoking cessation interventions in general practice This project focuses on the primitive care sector. This is project utilizes different kinds of media like video to present tuition on tobacco smoking and the ways to prevent or diaphragm this addiction.Incentives for Pregnant women to Stop Smoking due to an increase number of smoking pregnant women, this project will focus on the youn ger generation. This project will teach and guide them through with(predicate) intensive support and incentives like vouchers given to successful participants.Supporting Smokefree Intersectorally Provided by Counties Manukau DHB, this projects supports smoking cessation non-government agencies or organizations in the places with greatest need primarily in the place of Counties Manukau. leave office Bus A mobile bus which travels to different regions, especially to areas that is thorny to reach. This bus will provide support with the people who wish to wiretap smoking.Shifting the Culture in Mental Heal Services This project aims to improve the mind-set of the current acceptance level and the encouragement of smoking. This includes the interrogation and development of guidelines and takes it into action in the primary site.Smoke free ride This project provided by Massey University focuses on youth to create a smoke free movement. This includes different competitions like des igning of smoke free applications or software, video blogs and video documentaries about smoking.Back to the Future Preserving our People through Performance This project is provided by National Heart Foundation Tala Pasifica. This project uses the conventional methods know to different cultures or traditional methods of communication. These are though entertainment, storytelling, humour and dance. Modern ways of spreading information are richly utilize like Facebook and online blogging.Taking NRT Direct to Smokers University of Otago is the provider of this project. This project focuses on giving smokers an opportunity to try Medsafe-approved nicotine replacement. Used as a therapy to stop smoking. This will give the smokers motivation and inspiration to quit tobacco smoking.ReferencesBroughton, J. (1996). puffing up a stormKapai tetororiDunedin Ngai Tahu Maori Health Research Unit, Dept. of Preventive and affable Medicine, University of Otago.Herrick, C., Herrick, C., Mitche ll, M. (2010). 100 Questions Answers About How to Quit Smoking (pp 2-4). Sudbury, Massachusetts. Jones and Bartlett Publishers.Lange, R. (1999)May the people live a history of Maori health development 19001920. Auckland Auckland University Press.Barnett, R. Pearce, J. Moon, G. (2004). Does socialinequality matter? Changing ethnic socio-economic disparities and Maori smoking in New Zealand, 1981-1996Broughton, J. (1996). Puffing Up a pull Volume I Kapai te torori Dunedin University of OtagoMinistry of Health. 2009. Tobacco Trends 2008 A brief modify of tobacco use in New Zealand. jackboot. Ministry of Health.Blakely T, Fawcett J, Hunt D, Wilson N. (2006). What is the contribution of smoking and socioeconomic position to ethnic inequalities in mortality in New Zealand? Lancet2006 368 p. 44-52.Peto, R., Lopez, A.D., Boreham, J., Thun, M. Deaths From Smoking, Mortality From Smoking In Developed Countries 1950-2000 (2nd edition, revised June 2006)Glover M et al. (2007) accomplishmen t support for pregnantwomen who smoke A survey of New Zealand general practitioners and midwives. Auckland University of AucklandPaynter, J. (2008). National Year 10 ASH Snapshot Survey, 1999-2008 Trends in tobacco use by students aged 14-15 years.New Zealand Tobacco Use Survey 2006, WellingtonMinistry of Health.Ministry of Health. 2014. Smokefree New Zealand 2025 Innovation Funding Successful Projects. Wellington. Ministry of Health.

Risk Factors Contributing Children Behavior Problem

Risk Factors Contrisolelying Children air ProblemChild demeanours become hassleatic and these affect not however the family, but also in social and academic functioning. As working(a) in a low-banding secondary school in Hong Kong, I suck in found a lot of students who argon burdened with antithetic fashion problems. These externalizing airs affect not only their academic achievement, but also their relationships with teachers, peers, and family, but further disrupt their future. Early intervention is essential to prevent forward-looking decline in childrens carriage. The principal goal for this review is to investigate different put on the line factors that contribute in child bearing problem.Child look ProblemChildrens deportment problems ar divided into two major dimensions, they atomic number 18 internalizing and externalizing expressions (Henricson Rydell, 2006). Externalizing problems be behaviors that being harmful, fast, and impulsive. These behaviors arg on mostly stable and commonly associated with presbyopic limit forbid outcomes (Henricson Rydell, 2006). Internalized problems are signified by emotions and moods. These symptoms are usually less consistent and cannot predict outcomes (Henricson Rydell, 2006).According to Achenbachs Child Behavior Checklist, childrens behaviors are identified into different syndromes. Syndromes refers to problems that tend to occur together. The eight syndromes that Achenbach had identified are Withdrawn, Somatic Complaints, Anxious/Depressed, Social Problems, Thought Problems, Attention Problems, Delinquent Behavior, and obstreperous Behavior. Five of the eight syndromes are meetinged into Internalized and Externalized Behavior Problems (Achenbach, 1991).Internalizing is also called disposition Problems and Inhibition. Three syndromes, Withdrawn, Somatic Complaints, and Anxious/Depressed, are grouped chthonian this heading. This group reflects childrens emotional problems (Achenbach, 1991 ). Externalizing is variously called Conduct Problems and Aggression. Two syndromes, Delinquent Behavior and pugnacious Behavior, are grouped under this heading. This group shows childrens behavioural problems (Achenbach, 1991). Aggression is define as acts that impose harm on others (Aylward, 2003). Aggressive Behavior is under the grouping of Externalizing (Achenbach, 1991). Externalized aggressive behaviors are stable and are associated with long term negatively charged outcomes (Henricson Rydell, 2006).Risk FactorsThere are different risks factors that lead to children behavior problem, including childrens personal factors, risks from school, parents marital relationship, parent-child relationship, and parenting and even off style.Childs Personal FactorsStacks (2005) conceptualized risk factors for externalizing behavior by using ecological framework. Childrens temperament, developmental problems, and gender cast the acrimony of initial behavior problems. Personal facto rs, such(prenominal) as genetic factors, cognitive deficit, and hyperactive, also plays an big role in affecting childrens behavior. Children who have behavior problems tend to have cognitive deficit, they are lower problem resolving skills (Pettit, 2004).Research shows that depressive symptoms predict antisocial behavior (Vieno, Kiesner, Pastore, Santinello, 2008). The correlations between depressed symptoms and behavioral problems were significant. This finding was also consistent with past studies by Patterson et al.(1992) and Beyers Loeber (2003). However the strike suggested that the impacts of depressive symptoms to antisocial behavior occur within relatively short occlusive of time (Vieno, Kiesner, Pastore, Santinello, 2008).Risks from SchoolThe quality school environment also plays eventful role in affecting predict behavior beca practice session many children pop off most of the time at schools (Stacks, 2005). Studies also showed that conflictual teacher-child rela tionships and teachers negative responses are associated with children behavioral problems (Stacks, 2005). Pettit (2004) highlighted different risk factors for children antisocial behavior, including poor peer relationships and school failure. These factors stack up to higher(prenominal) the risk of violent behavior, which was brought from early childhood to adolescent (Pettit, 2004).Parents married RelationshipChildren react to marital conflicts more negatively than other forms of family difficulties, and as a result, marital conflict is a predictor of childrens difficulties (Cummings, Goeke-Morey, Graham, 2002). It was said that marital conflict impacts childrens adjustment problems. These conflicts between parents consistently associated with externalized behavioral problems of children. These problems further crook childrens intellectual and academic achievements (Cummings, Goeke-Morey, Graham, 2002). Research also showed that children who experienced parents divorce are at higher risks of behavior problems (Stacks, 2005). Moreover, overt marital conflicts of parents were significantly risk predictors to youth maladjustment problems (Garard Buehler, 1999).Parent-Child relationshipThe parent-child relationship also plays an important role in influencing child development. The origin and developmental dynamics of antisocial behavior are said to be childrens early insecurity (Kochanska, Barry, Stellern, OBleness, 2009). Parental power assumption and resentful opposition lead to the insecurity of children. Poor parent-child relationship has shown impacts on childrens future antisocial behavior (Kochanska, Barry, Stellern, OBleness, 2009).Parenting Style DisciplinePrevatt (2003) claimed that family risk and negative practices are highly predictive to childrens disruptive behavior and emotional adaptation. detrimental family factors, such as inadequate parental involvement and poor parenting, in general accounts for externalizing behavior (Prevatt, 20 03). Dishion and Bullock (2002) also suggested that parenting practices plays an important role in childrens problem behavior. Both coercive limit-setting and poor monitoring are having direct influences on child negative behavioral outcome.Externalized behavior, such as outer-directed aggressive behavior, is maven of the main indicators of maladjustment (Garard Buehler, 1999). There are three important correlates of youth maladjustment are repeatedly exposure to hostile and poor parenting. The poor parenting environment and the use of hostile are influencing risk factors to youth by showing negative interaction patterns within the family (Garard Buehler, 1999).Research shows that parenting put impacts on the development of disruptive behavior (Stacks, 2005). Parental warmth, responsiveness, and consistent limit setting are important to childrens development. Negative family interactions and functioning bring about aggression and violence to childrens behavior. Children who exper ienced violence directly are said to be in higher risks for externalizing behavior. These violent experiences include corporal punishment and physical abuse (Stacks, 2005). childishness and developmental outcomes are associated with mild and harsh parental physical discipline (Lansford et al., 2009). Social context and family system leads to developmental consequences to children. Childrens externalizing behaviors are found to be associated with parents use of physical corporal discipline (Lansford et al., 2009). Lansford et al. (2009) also suggested that the antisocial behavior resulted from negative discipline may continue in afterwards development. physical physical discipline in early childhood is related to sum up in childrens behavior problems which would more likely to show in later years (Alink et al., 2009). Children learn to be aggressive through social learn theory (Bandura, 1973), they are also reinforced to use negative behavior to get parents attention (Alink et al. , 2009)ConclusionExternalizing behaviors have great consequences to childrens eventual developmental pathway in their future. Research over the years has tried to determine how different factors contribute in deviant children behavior. Many factors can be added to the risks for externalizing antisocial behavior. Not only personal factors, risks from school, but also family factors, such as parenting style, parent-child relationship, parents marital relationship are also very influencing factors on child behavior problems. In sum, negative parenting is evitable in alter poor child behavior, it is worthwhile to go into the family context and study the termination of parenting style to children behavior problem.

The Impact Of The Digital Revolution Marketing Essay

The Impact Of The digital rotation Marketing EssayIntroductionConsumers argon all important(p) for organizations as their whole efforts be directed toward the satisfaction of inevitably of their target consumers. Study of consumer port help firms to im excavate their merchandise strategy. This helps organizations to understand the psychology of consumers, how they think and tone of voice about the special crossings and how they select between different alternatives such as different brands and retailers. More specifically, consumer behavior is defined as the study of individuals, organizations or groups and processes they use to select, use, secure and dispose of products, services, ideas or experience to satisfy asks and impacts these processes choose on society and consumers. Study of consumer behavior is very effective for organizations with its extensive applications. The most obvious use of consumer behavior is trade strategy. When organizations have clear understa nding of behavior of consumer about the product or service, they be in better position to develop and run an effective trade campaign. For instance, by understanding that consumers argon friendly towards food advert when they be hungry we be more likely to schedule snack ad late in the afternoon. Consumer behavior also has its application hearty merchandising which includes the ideas across to consumer rather than selling several(prenominal)thing.The Impact of the Digital Revolution in Marketing and Consumer BehaviorAdvancements of engineering have pretended all the palm of life and so as the business homo. Technological revolution is characterized with inventions such as profit, cell phone, global positioning system (GPS devices), notebook or laptop etc. many amazing. These changes have changed our lives to great extent. Now all(prenominal) pitying is connected with each other due to digital revolution. parley technology has made it possible to share information apac e and easily. tuition technology has also increased the ratio of communication and involved sight from everywhere in the world. Digital revolution has provided new and fresh ideas to its users that are so common to use presently. Like all other aspects of life, technology has given a superb impact on consumer behavior and as well as on merchandising. Technology has changed the ways to mart the product to the target audience and consumers, more emphasis on market brass is on how to execute and implement the marketing strategy. internet is captious mean, employ by contemporary organizations to promote their products and services. Now companies are going for social media marketing and promoting their products via social networking websites such as face-book, twitter, word press, BlogSpot and liked in etc. Whereas in past companies were using tralatitious means of advance and advertisements e.g. news paper, radio and televisions. But now, internet provides more innovative, quick and turbulent way to implement promotion strategy. Internet and social media networking websites provides effective and still of cost media to encompass the target audience. Selling methods have also been changed with digital revolution. GPS devices, notebook, laptop and cell phones bring information through users of those technologies loyaler. Due to fast and easy access to information, citizenry are more aware and analyse to get latest information when making a purchase finish. Digital revolution has given emergence to relationship marketing (with focus on customer), industrial or business marketing (with organizational focus) and social marketing (with focus on benefits to society) and most importantly to internet marketing.Online Consumer SegmentationCompanies essential credit that cherished fellowship of target market facilitating customer segmentation provides basic information that is necessary to maximize the returns on practices of internet marketing and increa se its effectiveness and efficiency. Consumer information is qualifying information that is applied by internet marketers it also clarifies and help to connect the promotional content with specific segments of consumers. This process is carried out with aim to match the attributes of products with needs of potential online consumers and these customers are more likely to benefit from specific promotional offers of company. In this case, it must be recognized that whole population that have access to the internet keister be potential customers. But from this population, only a plastered portion of online population represent the potential customer of the product or service being promoted by the company. Process of online segmentation of consumers, is consistent with traditional approach of market segmentation. Internet marketers observe the consumer behavior toward the formulation of promotional content and apply the results of observations in segmenting the online consumers. It is designed to forecast behavior of consumer relative to what is already known about current and prospective consumers. The prognostic range of consumer segmentation is obvious as content of promotional strategy and it is reorient with subset of consumers.Consumer Motivation and High Technology ProductsTechnology has changed the business practices to great extent. contemporary technologies are time saving and require less efforts by valet de chambre as well as it simplifies information access and bring people from different places together. Now, high-pitched technology gadgets are essential part of human life. Business executives forecast that sales and profits of future are judge to come from high technology products. (Asp, 1999 ). Consumer behavior in the contemporary world is more neutral toward technology. However, there is no single agreement on what is high technology means, actual business practices and competitive strategy theories recognize explicitly that there are im portant attributes such as cursorily changing life cycles, intensity of information and turbulence that distinguish high technology from the traditional market in psychological factors (Hirunyawipada Paswan, 2006), most important one is motivation of customers as behavior comes from motivation. But actually, consumer needs are not that specific which exist potentially. So the aim of promotional and advertising activities is to satisfy the customer demands and motivate them to buy the products or services withal for those which consumers do not need actually. High technology products can prove to be very crucial factor in consumer motivation.Cultural Factors alter Consumer BehaviorIn simpler definition, finis is all about the values of an individual. refinement decides about the behavior of consumers. Cultural factors also put to work the individuals get behavior. All individuals hold different sets of beliefs, habits, and principals that are developed by him or her from his f amily status and background. Within each culture, there are some subcultures such as gender, religion, geographical location and status etc. companies must know specific heathen attributes and how they affect the buying behavior of the consumers. Marketers take that consumers have similar cultural attributes or having same culture argue similar buying behavior. Every country has its distinct and different culture so while going for international marketing, companies must overcome the cultural and economic boundaries. In order to run a successful marketing campaign on domestic and internal level, different presences, attitudes, beliefs and habits of customer in the target market. Beliefs are important element of culture and can fancy similarities between the people in a community. Understating the cultural properties of target consumers is critical for analysis of consumer buying behavior and play important role in the process of market segmentation, product positioning and targ et market. bounteous Consumers Decision MakingMarketers and researchers have great interest in decision making bearing of target consumers. Demographics have great impact of opinion and buying behavior of consumers. Age is one of the important elements that affect the consumers behavior in the market place. Consumers decision making style is a mental orientation course that is characterized by approach of consumer to make choices. Adult consumers are hard to handle for marketers as they are living in technological advanced world, like innovative and latest products. Attracting and retaining self-aggrandising consumers is a challenge for marketers, they must be aware and have enough knowledge of advanced technologies and applications that are part of daily life or gravids consumers of advanced era, in order to reach that specific segment of the market (Olshavsky Granbois, 1979). This market segment may boast considerable purchasing power. This segment is find widely due to it s perceived importance. Home buying decisions of this segment are fairly noticeable and they are recognized as trend setters which influence consumption patterns in the other segments of market as well (Olshavsky Granbois, 1979)Buying decisions of adult consumers are influenced by critical reference groups such as friends. It is ascertained in many researches that impact of promotional activities on loyalty of adult consumer is insignificant. Instead brand loyalty can be enhanced by improving products ad past utilization, convenience and expectations do not affect the loyalty significantly.ConclusionConsumer buying behavior is a mental orientation that makes the approach of choices by the researcher. Technological advancement has been having great impact of buying behavior and purchase patters of consumers. Due to smart technologies, companies can easily and quickly spread their promotional message and hit their target market consumers. They can benefit by technological advanced op tions to carry out activities. Internet and social networking websites are important tool for marketing contemporary organizations. A successful marketing strategy in modern world organizations, need to consider important factors such as high technology products, cultural backgrounds of target consumers and demographics of target consumers as well.

The Byzantine Empire

The knotted pudding muffinThe knotted pudding stone The gnarly pudding stone decisioned from the fall of the Western roman print Empire in 467 A.D. to 1453 A.D., when Constantinople was lost to the ottoman Turks. In its thousand year history Byzantium had many important rulers although Justinian and Theodora were mayhap the greatest among them. After Western Rome fell the Eastern emperor moths belt up saw themselves as rulers of all of Rome. In the year 527 Justinian, succeeded his uncle as emperor and Justinian make this a reality. After many campaigns lead by his better(p) general, Belisarius, Justinian had conquered all the territory Rome ever ruled and could now really call himself a Caesar. Justinian did not rule the empire alone, his wife Theodora excessively worked with foreign leaders, passed laws, and took p machination in politics. In 532, during the Nika Rebellion, Theodora convinced Justinian to stay in the city when he had wanted to flee to safety. To rule h is vast empire Justinian created a set of laws know as the Justinian code. Justinian created the code from old Roman laws that tranquillise applied for Justinians time.Byzantium was constantly attacked from its beginning to its end. Thus, the Byzantines became skilled warriors and shrewd diplomats. They engaged tactics such as diplomacy, bribery, and military power to fight their foes. the like the fallen Eastern Empire they found that they could trust mercenaries, sometimes yet more than their own soldiers. A company of Scandinavian mercenaries known as the Varangian Guard re importanted under the control of the Byzantine emperor and they could be trust far more than Byzantine soldiers.The Byzantine Imperial flag is yellow-bellied with a double-headed double birdie wearing black crowns. The double-headed eagle was the symbol of the Palaiologos, the last Byzantine dynasty to rule from Constantinople from 1258-1453. The double-headed eagle symbolized the dynastys interests in both Asia and Europe, and was kept scorn the fact that nearly all of the Empires Asian possessions were seized by the Ottomans. The two headed eagle would eventually become identified with the empire itself, and with institutions outside the Byzantine Empire that were connected to Constantinople. Thus, it is not surprising that the flag was in use by the Russian Czars and the Greek Orthodox Church.Another flag of the Byzantine Empire is a combination of the St. George cross (which is a red cross on a white field) and the arms of the Palaiologos family (yellow crosses on a red field). The quatern symbols in the corners of the two crosses in the arms of the Palaiologos family could be either firesteels, which were utilise in badges of the Order of the Golden Fleece, or as the Greek letter , which makes up the initial letters of the Paleologuess motto which means King of Kings, view over Kings.The Byzantine Empire also developed its own crotchety stopping point that separated it from its Roman ancestors while still preserving Greco-Roman culture and its many great works. Justinian worked to beautify Constantinople by repairing buildings and building a stone wall along its Western half. He also built the Hagia Sophia, which was considered to be the greatest church built in medieval times and still stands today. The Hagia Sophia symbolizes the union of Church and State in the Byzantine Empire. Byzantine art was heavily influenced by its Roman ancestors, which was influenced by Greek art. Therefore Byzantine artists never lost sight of their classical heritage. Because of this, the Roman art of creating mosaics was maintained by the Byzantines. Byzantine art, while influenced by its ancestors, had developed its unique style. Byzantine painting and mosaics use many colors and figures but the figures were typically seen as stiff or flat. The figures have large eyes with golden or gold toned backgrounds and were mainly produced for churches and as such the a rt very much portrays people as somber and solemn. Byzantine art also shows precisely a small attempt made at creating realism.Throughout the centuries Byzantine emperors issued coins in gold (the solidus), silver, and copper. Their picture and name would be imprinted on the coins. The main function of coins was the collection of taxes.Works CitedAmerican Museum of inseparable History. American Museum of Natural History. Web. 26 Dec. 2009. .Awesome Planet. Www.awesomeplanet.org. Web. 26 Dec. 2009. .Constantinople. Web. 26 Dec. 2009. .Democracy frontline. Web. 26 Dec. 2009. . humankind Hoppers. Web. 26 Dec. 2009. .Harris, Jonathan. Byzantium and the Crusades. New York and London Hambleton and London, 2003. Print.Herrin, Judith. Byzantium The Surprising Life of a mediaeval Empire. Princeton Princeton UP, 2008. Print.The History Guide. Steven Kreis. Web. 26 Dec. 2009. .Planetfigure. Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd. Web. 26 Dec. 2009. .Sherrard, Philip. Byzantium. New York Time-Life Books, 1966. Print.Timothy Ministries. TimothyMinistries.org. Web. 26 Dec. 2009. .Treadgold, Warren. A Concise History of Byzantium. New York Palgrave, 2001. Print.Weider History Group Online. Weider History Group. Web. 26 Dec. 2009.

The Role of Child Death Inquiries

The Role of minor demise InquiriesRecently the benefits of churl finish inquiries and serious scale revues imbibe seed under particular scrutiny (Corby, Doig and Roberts, 1998). This assignment will use testify base information and design to find new(prenominal) addresses or how to ameliorate the form of the question so its benefits surfaceweigh its limitations.The United Nations estimate that any week two pincerren in the United Kingdom die from annoyance or neglect (UNICEF, 2003). The United Nations Convention, article 3 on the rights of the nipper places a duty on countries to protect tiddlerren from make fun or neglect, the outdo interests of the minor must(prenominal) be the primary concern when making decisions which whitethorn affect them, article 6 focalizationes on the importance of safeguarding their right to invigoration (United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1992).There atomic number 18 two types of kidskin conclusion inquiri es serious case reviews and unexclusive inquiries. A serious case review takes place when a minor dies and abuse or neglect is suspected. They as well take place in new(prenominal) circumstances where serious situations stupefy occurred for example where a sister has suffered from serious sexual abuse. The purpose of tiddler expiry inquiries according to Working Together, 2010 is for agencies and individuals to learn where problems hurt arisen and to learn from these to purify their practice. The slightons learnt should be tending(p) to all individuals who work in this sweep to procure they safeguard chelaren in the correct way. When agencies al seey know where certain problems comprise they should rectify upon them before the serious case review is finished. A domain inquiry for example The Colwell Report (1974), The Climb inquiry (2003) is a inquiry ordered by the government to review events, in this case electric razor conclusions. To conclude where practice co uld be improved upon, recommendations preserve be given and lessons can be learnt.Under regulation 5 of the local safeguarding childrens circuit card requires that the local safeguarding children board undertakes reviews of serious cases. Serious case reviews must defecate lessons to be learnt, identify which lessons be within agencies and which among and how long they have to act upon the changes to be undertaken. The reviews must in any case improve upon inter and intra commission working to promote and safeguard the wellbeing of children (chapter 8, Working Together, 2010). Laming (2009) affirms that serious case reviews argon an important in any casel for information lessons. Currently on that point is olfactory modality at regarding the approach used in serious case reviews some call up that there be unalike approaches to take to learn from poor favorable work practice. Effective safeguarding practice is an approach considered, to learn from what is already tu rn up to work.The unambiguous aim of child conclusion inquiries is to try and avoid early tragedies. There is a repetitive circle within child protective cover. Families collide with professionals and most of the outcomes involve protection. The tensions involved between families and professionals involve competition of rights. The tender Rights Act, 1998 article 8 stipulates the familys right to a offstage family life and to be able to conduct their lives according to their cultivation and construeing. The opposite to this argument is to envision all children are protect. When should professionals become involved? Parton (1991) describes the dilemma of how can the rural area establish the rights of the child and still promote the family to be an independent bole in which to raise their children how they see fit and not intervene in all families and consequently reduce its autonomy.Depending on the theoretical point of view the professionals and stream Government take s would impose when the lead should intervene. A laissez-faires government would have microscopical preventive. State paternalism is a survey which favours more than involvement of state intervention to protect children from abuse. This theory regards the childs social welfare as more important than family autonomy. This lieu was reflected in the Children Act, 1989 as it introduced the expression likely for the child to be in significant harm. If there is a likelihood of significant harm there are possibilities of child protection orders being produced, and in other extensions of state power.Tensions between the duties that mixer workers have to safeguard children, the familys right to a private family life, the rights of the child, working in partnership with the parents and taste when the state should intervene origin problems within complaisant work practice. Knowing when to intervene has always been a problem for affable workers within this area. Malcolm Hill (1990 ) imbed that published child abuse inquiry reports identified working with parents as a park problem. He constitute that papers noted access difficulties, in a number of cases parents didnt cooperate when the cordial worker needed to see the child at risk. Hill (1990) concluded that papers found genial workers were too ready to believe parents. Hill (1990) concluded that the Colwell report (1974) found that social workers should focus on parents demonstrating their parenting skills and not to assume all was well because the parents tell so.Social workers also need to look at the care the child is receiving holistically not focus on single areas of the family where they are showing tyrannical steps, for example social workers whitethorn be satisfied as the family are participating in counselling but they need to still look at their parenting at home whilst this continues. Thus depending on the theoretical viewpoint the social worker takes decides when they should intervene. Th is assignment will adopt a state paternalism perspective, this perspective although draws conclusions that the child is likely to suffer significant harm which whitethorn affect the family relationships and autonomy its better to intervene now then attend until abuse or neglect has taken place and then safeguarding the child. This perspective takes a view that children have a high priority in society, they have rights to high standards of care and using this approach ensures that they are protected at all costs by the force of the law (Fox Harding, 1997).Child end inquiries are seen as an important tool used to improve local practice and implementing wider community health approaches to improve upon infant fatality rate rates. Bunting and Reid (2005) found that there numerous benefits to serious case reviews fetching place. These included more effective multi execution working, improved communication between agencies, they found that expiration certificates had become more inf ormative they also found that from participating in serious case reviews practitioners had more knowledge meet child death and the causes of them ensuring a further focus on intervention measures of child death rather than cerebrate on child abuse.Corby et al (1998) have found that there is a growing concern on the rival of child inquiries on professionals especially social workers. They found that whilst inquiries were victorious place social workers face continual criticism. The Maria Colwell case engage social work practice public and put it under majuscule scrutiny. Professionals within this case became points of focus of criticism, their work was scrutinised in incorrect contexts focusing on training of social workers impact their morale significantly (Corby et al, 1998).The impact of child death inquiries on social workers and other professionals in this area can be psychological and emotional. Corby et al (1998) asks both sides of the case that child death inquiries can highlight poor practice and the need for the public to know why children already known to social services and other departments can still go on to be abused and killed. withal the emotional and psychological effects on social workers can be so detrimental because of the scrutiny they are under, their work will be affected, and affecting further work they do.Corby et al (1998) investigated child abuse cases and inquiries and how profitable they are and what changes have been do by using child death and abuse inquiries as an approach. Of the seventy inquiries they investigated between 1945 and 1997 they all produced similar recommendations in areas of improving inter agency co-ordination, training of professionals, improving child protection systems and using more experienced staff. Corby used this information to highlight that changes do between 1945 and 1997 have not been inviolable as inquiries continue to make the said(prenominal) recommendations.Child death inquires do have their place in the public eye specifically when practice goes wrong, nevertheless they have a number of limitations. Child death inquiries affect personal confidence of the social workers and other professionals when they become embroiled within the investigation. Due to the nature of the child death inquiries the public only see the negatives of social workers, social workers tutelage the association of such inquiries. Practice will not change when inquiries focus solely on the structure of children and families department. If social workers feel like the backside when involved in inquiries their work will be affected consequently affecting the work they do further on for example other children whitethorn be more at risk because social workers have no confidence in the work they are practicing.To use child death inquiries as a vehicle for insurance policy vexment whitethorn not be the most effective approach to take. Child death inquiries are very expensive. If a more ef fective approach was to be taken and social workers and other professionals were able to learn more from this different act it would be more beneficial to take this approach than to carry on using money and concluding the aforementioned(prenominal) issues. Parton (2004) has found that the same issues have been identified on numerous ages without any obvious changes in social work practice. Devaney, Lazenbatt and Bunting (2010) found that child death inquiries can still be effective but more accent mark needs to be on recommendations, implementing and acting upon them. Devaney et al (2010) also deal that policy makers need more understanding of the difficult situations in which children are at more risk from abuse or neglect. Devaney et al (2010) argue that this can help the policy makers express what social workers can do and make a distinction between that and what should be done.Child death inquiries make assumptions that something has gone wrong and that the inquiry can find out what and give recommendations to learn from the mistakes. It assumes that practice will change because of the recommendations given and umpteen inquiries dont focus on acting upon the recommendations, if they did then future day inquiries wouldnt produce the same recommendations. Inquiries assume that the method they use is sophisticated. However, research into inquiries and literature has shown that other approaches could be more effective and less intrusive in practice and less strain can be put on professionals. Inquiries assume that multi agency working will be more effective, though if tensions between professionals are problematic then these will be difficult to resolve. Inquiries cannot assume that these tensions can be worked at by the professionals they need a superior management style to overlook the different professionals to be able to work in effect together.As well as the implications for social workers individually and for policy makers regarding the process o f child death inquiries, organisational structures will be also be wedged upon when changing child welfare policy. Due to changes within organisations, for example changes in roles of professionals involved in child death inquiries the foundations of interprofessional multi agency work are not secure, concluded because inquiries focus excessively on the role of social workers rather than the antecedents of child death or abuse. With regards to the case of Maria Colwell (1974) the secretary of State Barbara Castle concluded that social workers alone cannot solve the cardinal problems. all professionals in this field of child welfare need to understand their role but if child welfare policy continues to change continuously the role cannot be undertaken as professionals have poor ideas of what their role is and how they should practice. All professionals need to work effectively together and have an understanding of delivering super services to diverse communities so no children are lost in the system or ignored. The importance of effective interprofessional multi agency work is such that until there is a balance of role and practice then the safeguarding of future children may be affected.Contemporary social work values may be affected, social workers have their own values personally and from learning from experience. Social workers must focus on human rights and social jurist as their motivation for social work. Some critiques may argue that depending on the theoretical example for example state paternalism some social workers may not be able to justify their motivation to impose this framework in their practice by not letting the family have a right to private family life (Human Rights, article 8) and be too prompt to intervene. To ensure anti discriminatory practice social workers must understand different cultures have different behaviours when it comes to parenting. The social worker may hold it is not appropriate, the family however may believe di fferently. This can lead to the social worker to not act at all. The social worker must ensure anti discriminatory practice, they need to see things from the perspective of the culture the family employs. Though still maintaining the values and knowledge they have regarding child abuse and when they should intervene. They must keep each case individual and make judgements based on inference, not on their assumptions.To evaluate how profitable child death inquiries are as a vehicle for policy development evidence needs to be considered whilst investigating journal papers to gain an understanding of where bias may occur. Using a wide range of sources gives a broader idea of what has been proven to work in social work practice (Roberts and Yeager, 2006). Research evidence is more valued than other sources, those papers that are repeatable and use a large amount of participants are more likely to have less prejudice in concluding how useful child death inquiries are as a vehicle for p olicy development. Higgs and Jones (2000) propose that evidence is knowledge derived from various sources, which has been tested and found credible.Having read all the information the weight of evidence suggests that changes need to be made to the approach of child death inquiries. The limitations and implications to practice are too substantial to ignore. Professionals and public havent seen any major changes because of the recommendations give by the inquiries. Corby et al (1998) found that of seventy public inquiries between 1945 and 1997 the main focus of recommendations was on improvements on inter agency co-ordination and improving the training of staff. The gap between the time of the death of the child and receiving the results of the inquiry is detrimental to social workers. Corby et al (1998) also argue that the cost of inquiries and the negative impact on social workers affecting their future practice may create more risk to other children they are safeguarding because th ey dont have the confidence to practice anymore. The most effective approach to take would be one that focuses with less scrutiny on the social workers so their confidence is not affected and acts upon the recommendations it has made. Policy can develop by using a different vehicle instead of child death inquiries. At the minute the impact of changing child welfare policy on social workers and organisational structure is considerable. An improved approach to child death inquiries can be more effective in changing policy than the constant changes that are currently happening because of the results from child death inquiries.

Constructivism Essay -- Philosophy, Piaget, Vygotsky

What is Constructivism?Constructivism has been a popular term apply in culture since the 1990s but can be traced back to a more earlier time than that (Maddux & Cummings, 1999, p.8). Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are the two theorists who are almost linked to the development of constructivism. Over the past decade, reproduction has seen an alarming improver in the number of students who are qualifying for special education run as well as students who are being labeled as at risk students. Having such an increase in special education the demand to find a teaching style that works exceed for students with disabilities has become extremely popular. An increase in popular terms and trendy forms of teaching instruction has developed in education. A popular bombinate word that has invaded the educational world is Constructivism even though constructivism is not a new term it does lack a concrete definition. The term constructivism has been used to explain everything from sch ool reform to teaching styles, and most all-important(a)ly connect to a education speculation. As you can imagine the term Constructivism has the strength to develop many misconceptions since it lacks a universal definition. Constructivism is an important theory of learning that is used to guide the development of new teaching methods(Baviskar, Hartle & Whitney, 2009, p.541). The framework of constructivism is build upon the understanding that learning is an active process that is student centered in the sense that, with the teachers help, learners select and transform information, construct hypothesis, and make decisions(Chrenka, 2001, p.694). It is important to understand that when speaking about constructivism we are referring to a learning theory not teach... ...dent-centered classroom, which allows students to act upon their prior knowledge and learn through pass on experience. If you have ever been involved with or around students with disabilities you whitethorn b e extremely hesitant to adopt a constructivist view on education. Students with disabilities require a much more structured learning surroundings in order to be successful. Many education professionals feel that the distinguish learning experience and learning environment for students with disabilities would be one of a more teacher-directed or explicit teaching style. It would not be picturesque to assume that a constructivist approach to special education would be a complete failure. However, combining multiple constructivist strategies with some explicit teaching strategies you could sooner possibly be able to achieve success when teaching students with disabilities.

A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay -- essays papers

A Good valet de chambre is Hard to Find I intemperately believe that people reap what they sew. In the story, A Good Man Is Hard to Find, the grand mother is a prime example of this scenario. Her zany ploys and acts of deviance cause harm to the family throughout the story and it ends up approach back to her in the end. You can tell that harms is inevitable for the family by most of the clues that are found in the grandmothersbehavior. For example, in the coal scuttle paragraph of the story, she is complaining perverselyfor the family to go on vacation in East Tennessee instead of Florida. The rest of the family wants to go to Florida but yet she is dogged for them to do as she says. I believe that this is an early indication as to what kind of person she is. As they were leaving their home, she snuk a cat in a black valise into the car. The family didnt want to arrive at a hotel with a cat so they told her not to bring it. Being the aberrant person she is, she bro ught it anyway without them knowing. This would afterward come back to haunt the family later on in the story. Why would you do something like that when family members specifically told you not to. The grandmother was also a nagging person. She could get on your very(prenominal) lastnerve. When her son Bailey was driving down the road, she persistently reminded him of the secureness limit. The speed limit was fifty-five miles an hour and the patrol man hide base the billboards and small clumps of trees and they ...

Ender’s Game :: Essays Papers

Enders Game Andrew Wiggin is the main character in the novel, Enders Game. His nickname is Ender. Andrew got his nickname from his old(a)er sister Valentine when he was born because Valentine was ineffective to say the name Andrew, so she called him Ender. It has specific meaning in the leger because of the fact that Ender is expected to be up to(p) to end events that someone else had started in front him. One event that has been started before Ender that he is expected to finish is the war between the humans on the planet, and the alien Buggers. Ender is expected to be able to end this war because his older siblings streaked out impossibly in the governments way of determining aptitude, or ability to become a everyday in the army that is preparing for a fight with the Buggers. Rarely is a third base child born, but in this exceptional case, Ender was permitted to be born because of his siblings test results. As soon as ender is born, a monitor is placed in the base of his neck to analyze his thoughts and senses to determine whether he is Battleschool material or not. Ender eventually goes to Battleschool and takes mass amounts of badgering and teasing from the other kids that are cooking too. Ender easily moves through the ranks and frustrates every instructor that he has. He becomes a commander and is given an army. He eventually goes to a planet called Eros, go on the Buggers, and conclude that they are bugs, and that they have a queen like ants do. Ender finds an old man and finds that it is Mazer Rackham, his enemy. Ender finally finds that all the games he had been playing since Rackham became his enemy, was the real tertiary Invasion. Ender is a hero. Another event that Ender had to finish that had been started before him was his conflict with Stilson on the bus to Battleschool. Stilson and his friends make fun of Ender by calling him a 3rd and they do not let him get to his seat on the bus. Stilson calls Ender labe l and summons his friends to hold Ender back because he had tried to grab Stilsons arm in defense of himself.

Thomas Batemans Ten Years Diggings :: Archaeology Archaeological Essays

Thomas Batemans Ten Years DiggingsThomas Bateman at Calver Low, Derbyshire in 1860 Having been informed, on the 30th of August, that roughly skeletons had been discovered the day onward, by men baring the rock preparatory to quarrying it, at the marge of the cliff overlooking the limekilns at Calver Low, I immediately went to the place and free-base that there had been five skeletons buried in a line attitude by side, a few feet apart, in graves sunk squander to the rock which is there about two feet below the turf. The bodies were all lengthy at length with the heads to the west, so as non merely to shoot of the corpses facing the east, as is the Christian custom of burial yet observed, hardly in this case also to face the village, and the pleasant valley extending towards Baslow--either causative may have prompted the arrangement, as there is reason to believe the interments to be of the Anglo-Saxon period, although it was suggested at the time, in one of the local paper s, that they were remains of some who perished during the ravages of the plague at Eyam in 1666.In returning to the narrative, it will be best to describe the several skeletons, numbering from the north, premising that the legs of all had been cut away, owe to their being so near the border of a cliff, which descends for a massive distance almost perpendicularly, having long been quarried for lime burning.1.-A young person with actually slender bones, the femur 17 1/2 inches long, undisturbed with the censure of the skull, which had been broken and robbed of the teeth previous to our visit a small moment of coarse red pottery was picked up amongst the earth near the bones.2.-Removed before our arrival, but from the few bones preserved, it appears that the person was older than the first, although the femur measures 16 1/2 inches only-the skull thin, a good deal decayed and truly imperfect.3.-Removed-the skull very perfect when found, since despoiled of the whole of the facial b ones. The calvarium and lower ride have been recovered. The former presents, when viewed from above, an oval outline with a very wide occipital protuberance the latter is well formed, and the state of the teeth indicates an archeozoic adult age. Imperfection in the thigh bones prevents measurement, they do not however appear to have been very long.

The Growing Problem of Child Homelessness in America Essay -- Becoming

It is something that a lot of us be employ to visual perception on a regular fanny standing at the block up of an off ramp holding a sign say dispossessed and hungry. You will see them wondering the streets digging through trash in search for something to eat. We see them e rattlingwhere and our initial reaction when we see them is to geld them and not look at them. You especially avoid making tenderness contact with them and automatically label them as some unity who is too ineffectual to go get a job or is a dose or alcohol addict and that they would much rather live on the streets. Homelessness is a continuing growing problem, with more and more not exactly adults but children forced to live on the streets. Homeless people ar humans just like us. Being homeless, you atomic number 18 faced with an fooling constant battle just to stay alive. With the government, creating laws that are against them along with macrocosm mistreated by partnership on a daily basis and with little or no support at all makes it very hard to want to survive. Homelessness affects everyone. No matter their race, age, ethnic background (Rosenheck, 2007). Stewart B. McKinney comment of a homeless person is described as someone who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate night-time star sign and has a primary night time manse that is (A) a supervised publicly or privately operated shelter knowing to provide temporary living accommodations (Homeless, 2009) (B) An institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals intended to be institutionalized (Homeless, 2009) or (C) a public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human being (Homeless, 2009). In 1987, the federal government decided to step in and passed the McKinney... ...ues are understood in terms of ones society, culture, or even ones own individual values (Mosser, 2010). Relativism, self-importanceishness spread though our society lik e germs, To find a solution for homelessness and the cause and effects it has on a community as well as the person its self are complex. But no matter what skill, interest, age, or resource, there are always way to make a difference for some of the men, women, and children who are homeless (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2006). Works CitedBonfantini, M. A., & Proni, G. (1988). To speculate or not to guess? In U. Eco & T. A. Sebeok (Eds.), The sign of three Dupin, Holmes, Pierce (pp. 112-119). Bloomington Indiana University Press. An excellent establish on reasoning and the basis of guesswork.Wolf, E. (1990). Distinguished lecture Facing power. American Anthropologist, 92, 586-596.

The Evolving Roles of Women in the Economies of Greece and Italy Essays

The Evolving Roles of Wo manpower in the Economies of Greece and Italy The role of women in Greek and Italian culture has muster a long way since the past days. In patriarchal societies, women were curb to household chores, and were allowed little to no involution in politics or economic matters. Since these times, major cultural shifts in each of the countries have helped happen the nations to a more western intuition of sex roles in their cultures. In the following paragraphs, we will see how diachronic events have shaped the roles of women in Greek and Italian culture into their largess form. Women in Greece Creation legend To set the tone for how women were perceived in ancient Greece, we first spell to the Greek myth of womens creation. In 700 BC, the historiographer Hesiod wrote his account of their creation is his Theogony. He writes that women were created as a punishment for men when they first acquired fire. The craftsman paragon Hephaestus molded the i mage of a Virgin, genus Athene dressed her up and they presented the lovely curse to the men, for whom she became a hopeless, deadly fix (Blundell). Hesiod goes on to describe women as deceptive creatures, never easing the application of mans poverty, but always intense to share in his wealth. Hesiod further illustrates these traits in the description of the first woman, Pandora. opening night her jar of curses, she changed the lives of all men, who once lived in an Eden-like world. Women are seen from then on as sort of gift-curse, whose acceptance into troupe is essential to its continuation, but inevitably brings trouble (Blundell). Transition Periods Archaic get along 750-500 BC. Tracing back to the out of date age, we find the sources of womens oppression in Ancient... ...tute of Nipponese Studies.? Economic & Social info Rankings/Greece? <http//web.hhs.se/personal/suzuki/o-English/Greece.html EIJS.? European Institute of Japanese Studies.? Economic & Social s elective information Rankings/Greece? <http//web.hhs.se/personal/suzuki/o-English/Italy.html Fantham. Women in the Classical World.? Oxford University Press, natural York 1994.IPC.? Interactive Population Center.? Recognizing and Promoting Women?s Key Economic Roles.? <http//www.unfpa.org/intercenter/role4men/recognize.htm Vivante.? Women?s Roles in Ancient Civilizations.? Greenwood Press, Westport 1999. MacAlister, Elliott. Women?s Roles in the Fisheries. ?? 1997Zhao, Megan.? Women in the Renaissance ??<http//info-center.ccit.arizona.edu/ws/ws200/fall97/grp13/part3.htm 1997 The Evolving Roles of Women in the Economies of Greece and Italy EssaysThe Evolving Roles of Women in the Economies of Greece and Italy The role of women in Greek and Italian culture has come a long way since the ancient days. In patriarchal societies, women were restricted to household chores, and were allowed little to no involvement in politics or economic matters. Since these times, major cultural shifts in each of the countries have helped lead the nations to a more western perception of sex roles in their cultures. In the following paragraphs, we will see how historical events have shaped the roles of women in Greek and Italian culture into their present form. Women in Greece Creation Myth To set the tone for how women were perceived in ancient Greece, we first turn to the Greek myth of womens creation. In 700 BC, the historian Hesiod wrote his account of their creation is his Theogony. He writes that women were created as a punishment for men when they first acquired fire. The craftsman god Hephaestus molded the image of a Virgin, Athena dressed her up and they presented the lovely curse to the men, for whom she became a hopeless, deadly trap (Blundell). Hesiod goes on to describe women as deceptive creatures, never easing the pains of mans poverty, but always eager to share in his wealth. Hesiod further illustrates these traits in the description of th e first woman, Pandora. Opening her jar of curses, she changed the lives of all men, who once lived in an Eden-like world. Women are seen from then on as sort of gift-curse, whose acceptance into society is essential to its continuation, but inevitably brings trouble (Blundell). Transition Periods Archaic Age 750-500 BC. Tracing back to the archaic age, we find the sources of womens oppression in Ancient... ...tute of Japanese Studies.? Economic & Social Data Rankings/Greece? <http//web.hhs.se/personal/suzuki/o-English/Greece.html EIJS.? European Institute of Japanese Studies.? Economic & Social Data Rankings/Greece? <http//web.hhs.se/personal/suzuki/o-English/Italy.html Fantham. Women in the Classical World.? Oxford University Press, New York 1994.IPC.? Interactive Population Center.? Recognizing and Promoting Women?s Key Economic Roles.? <http//www.unfpa.org/intercenter/role4men/recognize.htm Vivante.? Women?s Roles in Ancient Civilizations.? Greenwood Press, Westport 1999. MacAlister, Elliott. Women?s Roles in the Fisheries. ?? 1997Zhao, Megan.? Women in the Renaissance ??<http//info-center.ccit.arizona.edu/ws/ws200/fall97/grp13/part3.htm 1997

The Many Faces of Freedom? Essay -- Expository Exemplification Essays

The Many Face of independence? license is a concept that people are a great deal willing to die for and it is the cause of much fighting. However, fewer people ever outcry to dislike freedom. This raises an interesting question how can people fight everywhere what is generally considered to be a positive idea? Does this mean that psyche must be against freedom? The answer is that people cannot agree on what freedom is, thus numerous groups can claim to be for freedom while strongly disagreeing on the means by which to achieve it. These groups often argue vehemently and passionately, trying to convince the majority that their side is right. However, emotion is only mavin part of deciding who is more persuasive. I cracking two examples of disagreements regarding freedom, as proof that freedom is neither tangible, nor a alone(p) idea.An example of a disagreement about freedom between two bigger groups is offered in Michael Rossmans account of a student protest in The Weddin g Within the War. Feelings between students and the administration came to a read/write head in an argument regarding tables set up by student organizations to relate new members and pass out information. The administration first restricted the students rights by forcing them to move the tables from the heart of campus to the edge of campus, further from the majority of students. Then, a few years later, the students were told that they were not allowed to have the tables at all (102). Since their campus is a microcosm of the larger government of America, this limiting of their rights frightened them, causing them to react. As a result, they held a demonstration to make these concerns heard. Their main point, as presented in Catch-801 by Marvin Garson was that the University Administ... ...s to be a singular concept. The personal quality of an individuals definition of freedom is excessively the reason why the students were able to be more persuasive. Their writing contained a s ense of personal concern, that decisions made regarding freedom would impact each one of them individually. In contrast, political speeches, although concerned more with the majority, spoke more in terms of abstract freedom, which is much less persuasive.Works Cited Garson, Marvin. Catch-801. Takin It to the Streets. parvenue York. NY Oxford University Press, 1995. Reagan, Ronald. Freedom vs. Anarchy On Campus. Takin It to the Streets. New York. NY Oxford University Press, 1995. Rossman, Michael. The Wedding Within the War. Takin It to the Streets. New York. NY Oxford University Press, 1995. Roth, Philip. Goodbye, Columbus. New York. NY Bantam Books, 1968.

The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood :: essays research papers fc

James Fils-Aime      The Handmaids Tale occurrence or Fiction     The Handmaids Tale is a dystopian novel in which Atwood creates a conception which seems absurd and near impossible. Women being kept in slavery only to create babies, cult like religious assure over the population, and the deportation of an entire race, these things all seem like fiction. tho Atwoods novel is closer to fact than fiction all the events which take stray in the story have a base in the genuinely world as well as a historical precedent. Atwood establishes the world of Gilead on historical events as well as the social and semipolitical trends which were taking place during her life time in the 1980s. Atwood shows her audience with political and historical reference that Gilead was and is closer than most people realize. Atwood well scrutinizes Colonial America, back in the 1700s it was a society founded on worship and ran as a theocratic order. Puritans wh o had just fled Europe for religions freedom colonised in the Americas where they could run their society in the way they saw fit. oddly in New England, religious freedom was not allowed, and people were penalise by the courts for failing to uphold the common religions requirements. Those who were not of a unique(predicate) type of Christianity were considered heathens. Men who controlled the society enforced rules on others based on their interpretations of the tidings. They believed that "as Gods elect, had the duty to direct national affairs according to Gods leave as revealed in the Bible." (3) Later on puritanical control diminished but in the South there was the enslavement and resulting racism toward blacks. once again so called male leaders of society promote injustice and burdensomeness in order to benefit themselves. Atwood likewise uses her novel to comment presently on the issues of race, those not of a specific type of Christianity or splutter color were sent away to the colonies, or killed. The "children of Ham", which in the bible represent the descendants of the black race, are relocated outside of Gilead. nevertheless the location in which she places Gilead is reminiscent of early American for Boston, Massachusetts was a puritan center. The world of Gilead which Atwood is a society controlled by power hungry(p) men who use religion as a means of control. Atwood also references the oppression of Jews during the holocaust in her novel. Under Hitlers rule 6 million Jews were killed, and many more sent to concentration camps where they were mistreated by their captors.

Maya Angelou at Rutgers :: essays research papers

Maya Angelou was raised in segregated pastoral Arkansas. She is a poet, historian, author, actress, playwright, civil-rights activist, producer and director. She lectures throughout the United States and abroad and is Reynolds professor of American Studies at Wake Forest University in North Carolina since 1981. She has published ten dollar bill best selling books and numerous magazine articles earning her Pulitzer Prize and study deem Award nominations. At the beg of chairperson Clinton, she wrote and delivered a poem at his 1993 Presidential Inauguration. She also wrote and delivered a poem in 1995 titled A bear and Startling Truth in honor of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations.Dr. Angelou, who speaks French, Spanish, Italian and West African Fanti, began her career in drama and dance. She married a South African freedom fighter and lived in Cairo where she was editor program of The Arab Observer, the only English-language news weekly in the Middle East. In Ghana, sh e was the sustain editor of The African Review and taught at the University of Ghana. In the 1960s, at the request of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Ms. Angelou became the northern coordinator for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. She was appointed by President Gerald Ford to the Bicentennial Commission and by President Jimmy Carter to the National Commission on the Observance of International Womens Year.On the evening of Monday, October 28th, 2002, this extensive woman visited the faculty, staff, students and guests at Rutgers University. To enter the little gymnasium on College Avenue, where the offspring would be held and would eventually house nearly 2,000 people, everyone needed a ticket, a ticket that I did not have because they had sold out so quickly. Nevertheless, I was determined to be there. So I adorned myself in the appropriate attire, left my apartment, and at 645 found myself on College Avenue in a line that spanned from the doors of the gym all the iti nerary to Au Bon Pain. No one seemed to care that it was 30 outside that iniquity. Up and down the line you could hear snippets of conversations resonating excitement and anticipation of the nights event. For some who had seen Dr. Angelou in the past it would be an added treat, but for me it would be a first. I was going through ideas of things to say to the doorperson so they would permit me in without a ticket.

God And The Problem Of Evil Essay -- Religion Evil God religious Essay

divinity fudge And The Problem Of unfairness Everyday it is possible to get a newspaper, or turn on TV or radio receiver news and learn about criminal going on in our orb. Banks are robbed, cars are stolen, violent murders and rapes are committed. Somewhere in the world the aftershock of an earthquake is organism felt. Cancer is killing millions of people each year, age other debilitating conditions continue to affect many with no therapeutic to end their suffering. President Bush said that our country is fighting a war against evil. We all agree that evil is real and can non be disregard the problem comes when we try and rationalize the concept of graven image and evil coexisting. devil types of evil exist in our world today. Natural evil supervenes when earthquakes, hurricanes, and storms occur causing devastation in the world. Moral evil occurs when a person makes a choice as to how he will act in a certain situation. Everyday moral decisions are made. People square of f whether to steal, give in to anger and harm another, falsify information, and behave in a way unacceptable to society. The problem of evil is this If god is loving, thusly he would want to end evil and if he is all-powerful he would be able to do just that. Since evil exists, how can God be both omnipotent and loving? The Christian Science dissolving agent to this question is that evil is an illusion of the human mind. The Judaic/Christian faiths do not hold to this theory. The Bible is full of descriptions of approximate and evil in human life. Evil is pictured as dark and ugly. The ultimate interpreter of evil for the Christian is the crucifixion of Jesus, a violent rejection of Gods Messiah. St. Augustines view is that the universe is good, (a creation of a good God and meant for a good purpose). He does not hold to the belief that social occasion is evil. He believes that there are higher, and lower, greater, and lesser goods in abundance and variety. Everything is good in its own way, except that it may have become sorry or corrupted. Whether the evil is an instance of unhinge, or some disorder in nature, it is the distortion of something intrinsically valuable. Since evil is negative, logic would reason that it was not willed or created by God. Why does an all-powerful God allow suffering and pain? What about moral evil? Why was a world created in which such things exist? One defense for evil is the free-will defense. This says that peop... ...il depends on his rendering of God and the word good. Most people think good government agency the best possible outcome, the absence of pain or problem, pleasure and happiness. Loosing is not good to us, even if loosing might help to develop good sportsmanship or a good work ethic. We do not consider being in need good, though it may help us to value the times when we had plenty. A debilitating disease or handicap is not good, though any life has positive moments, and joy can be found if it is looked for. Our negative responses to all these things helps to create their outcome. How sad it would be if God has simply created a world devoid of any problems with people who never need struggle with making the right decision. Whether it is called soul making or character development the world is enriched by qualities such as love, compassion, generosity, and mercy. No definite answer can be reached as to why evil exists, but philosophy helps us to examine our own beliefs and consider why it is we think as we do. SourcesAugustine, St. Augustines Confessions VII. Hick, John. Philosophy of Religion 2nd Edition. Mackie, J. L. Evil and Omnipotence Mind. April 1955.

Business :: essays research papers

CHAPTER IINTRODUCTIONThis drive will seek the overall affect on society, as salutary as the historical aspect of the integration of African-Americans, into sports in the United States of America. This need is withal designed to discuss and or break down some(prenominal) racial stereotypes involving African-American supporters. Most importantly, this study will also examine the progression that African-Americans do made on the field as athletes and in corporate America as well.The overall affect that integration had on society will be discussed first. The acceptance and the scrutiny of the African-American athlete will be examined. Secondly, the questioner will discuss some of the umpteen racial stereotypes that African-American athletes have to live up to or flush hold their heads in shame because of. The third and final area of research is to discuss the progression that African-Americans have made in the world of sports during the days after integration. The majority of the literature for this study was obtained from various websites and written veridical discussing the aforementioned topics. This study will non be the first of kind, tho the information that was discovered is different than previous studies that have been done on this topic. Since the birth of the United States, this society has been capitalistic in nature. The basis of capitalist economy is competition. The business that is the best will win or make the most(prenominal) money. This is also the true nature of sports as well. Even though sports took on this mentality, it is still leaps and bounds ahead of society when it comes to equality. After- all Jackie Robison was a Brooklyn slyboots five years prior to the Brown vs. Board of Education field of study in 1954. In many ways sports in America have become a microcosm of what society should be. Although Jackie Robinsons barrier breaking hoodwink into the Major Leagues was probably the most important event to take rate in sp ort history, it is not the first time African-Americans were involved in sports. Early records have shown that African Americans were involved in these sports whenever given the prospect to participate. On the other hand, American sports are filled with records of African American athletes capable of participating in the broad sports arena but not given the chance due to their race. Therefore, as sports grew into an American popular pastime, it also grew along on separate fields with race as a dividing line.

Shakespeares Macbeth as Tragic Hero Essay -- Macbeth essays

Macbeth as Tragic Hero Aristotle defined a tragical character is a man who falls into misfortune through whatsoever flaw. (Grube, 5) Shakespeares tragic hero is a man who falls from his position of revere and respect due to a flaw in character and last arrives at a fatal end. (Nostbakken, 2) Macbeth is an epitome of a tragic hero. He had a correct nature, but was driven by greed and a quest for power. Macbeth had been a military hero, loved and praised by the people, but his screen ambition resulted in his destruction, and all his past greatness and happiness were lost. This strain will explore Macbeths path toward destruction and show how he became the epitome of a tragic hero. Macbeth was obviously a patriot and the guardian of the king at the beginning of the play. (Slethaug, 13) We imagine him to be a good warrior with extraordinary prowess and loyalty. He defeated the insurgent troops and was highly trusted. As Duncan said, He is a gentleman on whom I strengthened A n absolute trust. (I.iv.14-15) Even the King had great love in this real hero. But his was controlled under the supernatural force when he met the witches of prophecy, alter to the degeneration of this character. When the witches foretold Macbeth that he was to be Thane of Cawdor, Thane of Glasmis and King hereafter, Macbeths ambition to the kingship had been aroused. He said, My thought, whose take out yet is but fantasticalK(I.iii.140) shows that he started imagining to get the passel by evil means for the fulfillment of the promised kingship. The imperfect speakers of misleading prophecies brainwash him, striving up his deep ambition and leading him to step finisher to the edge of dismal abyss. And later they also g... ...ed himself, to put all his have greatness and happiness in ruin, and ended himself in ultimate despise and demise. Works Cited Brooke, Nicholas, ed. Macbeth. Oxford The Oxford University Press. 1990. Brown, John Russell. Shakespeare Macbeth. Southampt on The Camelot Press. 1965. Coursen, H.R. Macbeth-A Guide to the Play. London Greenwood Press.1997. Elloway, David. Macbeth By William Shakespeare (Macmillan master guides). Macmillan study Limited. 1985. Grube, G.M.A, ed. Aristotle The Poetics, Poetry and Style. Indianapolis Bobbs Merril. 1958. Nostbakken, Faith. Understanding Macbeth. USA Greenwood Press. 1997. Slethaug, Gordon. Lecture Notes for ENGL1007. Hong Kong The University of Chicago. November 2000. Wain, John. Shakespeare Macbeth. Hong Kong The Macmillan Press Ltd. 1968.

Fixing the American Justice System Essay -- Criminal Justice Crime

Fixing American JusticeIn Lynn, a car pins a woman against a wall. The driver is aerated with driving intoxicated for the third time. In Quincy, a pregnant sire is rushed to a hospital and her baby delivered by an emergency operation. constabulary say she was hit by a man already convicted of inebriate driving four times. In Springfield a fifteen year old girl is crushed by a man who has been convicted of drunk driving almost a dozen times and has even served a prison term for it. She will never walk with her own legs again. This is only when a small part of the small state of Massachusetts in our large country And sadly this is not just with drunk driving. indoors less then 3 years, 5% of all convicted and released rapists will tolerate out another rape. Within the next 3 years 2% of all convicted murders will achieve another murder. The 272,111 offenders discharged in 1994 had hive away 744,000 charges within 3 years of release. Criminals everywhere are stepping up as they find loopholes in our American justice system. California has even instated a state wide repeat offender program. Why is the r...

Napster :: essays research papers

The program, and posterior company, named Napster, has brought about a historical debate concerning copyright law and the Internet. Napsters is a foreswear Internet melody file-sharing program that all(prenominal)ows phthisisrs to quickly and easily swap files with one and only(a) another directly, without the use of a centralized file server. Its software aims to check purpose MP3 files easier on the Internet. No files are actually hosted on Napster servers as Napster provides access to music files on others electronic computers. This system of computers is called peer-to-peer nedeucerking. In addition to its calculate features, Napster contains three major components 1) A chat program that allows users to chat with individually(prenominal) other in rooms based on music genre. 2) An strait player that plays MP3 files from right inside Napster in the event that users do not have an external player or prefer not to use one. 3) A tracking program that allows users to keep track of their favorite MP3 libraries for later browsing.Napster was the brainchild of, at the time, nineteen-year-old college student, Shawn Fanning, at Northeastern University in Boston. Throughout his life, Fanning had two loves one was sports and the other was computers. Over time his curiosity for computers grew and sports became less important, concentrating close of his time working with computers, primarily focusing on two aspects of the computer, computer programing and the Internet. During his freshman year at Northeastern University, in 1998, Fanning was trying to encrypt computer science classes higher than the entry level (Jones, 2001, 1A). Not finding anything challenging about the courses he was enrolled in, Fanning decided to start writing a Windows based program in his spare time. He spent just about of his time in chat rooms talking with experienced computer networking programmers. Fanning thought-up the general idea of, what is now known as, Napster from his roommate who loved music files, close to commonly known as MP3s, but was frustrated with most music sites which had limited music files available and detested having to endlessly look websites looking for particular songs. Fanning, keeping his roommates frustrations in mind, and his programming skills at hand, began writing Napster. He used the idea of all users being connected to one central computer server, and having access to each others music files that users wished to share (MTV News, 2000, 1). In other words, Napster makes its operation software freely available for download by consumers from its website.

Symbols and Symbolism Essay - Symbolism in The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Symbolism in The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby tells of a mans attempt to recoup his long lost love and the happiness he once had in life by way of wealth and material possessions. Jay Gatsby is representative of the Ameri bottomland man beca use up he believes that with great wealth comes great happiness. This is evidenced throughout the novel by way of Gatsby himself, through the portrayal of the Buchanans, and through the use of the word green which symbolizes fancy, renewal, and promise. The character Jay Gatsby is the most symbolic element of the tier due to Fitzgeralds details about Gatsbys entire life. Gatsby who was the son of poor farmers was decided to better his life. As Gatsbys father later showed Nick, when Gatsby was a child he had laid out a detailed plan on how to spring his life. This plan he felt would reconcile him more successful in life. By the time Gatsby left to join Dan Cody, he had already slump himself apart fr om his obsolete way of life, hence his name change. Gatsby leaving his old life to start a new and more successful genius parallels almost identically to those of the early colonist who left their old cultures and traditions in search of a new and more prosperous life in America. During his army days, Gatsby falls in love with the well-to-do Daisy. He falsely allows her to believe he can support her but when she realizes he can not she marries Tom Buchanan, a man who is able to care for her financially. not until he loses her does Gatsby realize that the time with Daisy was the happiest of his life. Realizing that only with money can he regain Daisys affection, for years he runs dishonorable businesses to become rich in hope that one day his wealth will bring her back. This hope of happiness through money is believed in by countless Americans today, no matter what the problem, people believe that wealth and material possessions can make things right. Along with Gatsbys life being a symbol on its own, his discovery that once he had Daisy in his arms the enchantment that surrounded her disappeared parallels the tactual sensation that Americans have, that wealth brings happiness.

The Debate Over Euthanasia Essay -- Euthanasia Death Argumentative Ess

The Debate Over mercy killingThe controversy over mercy killing has recently become highly publicized. However, this sleep with is not a impudently debate. Society has voiced its opinions on the subject for hundreds of years. mercy killing, which is Greek for good remainder, refers to the act of eradicateing another persons life in order to end their suffering and pain.1 Two forms, passive and active euthanasia, categorize the actions taken to end the persons life. Passive euthanasia involves removing a patients life support, withholding food and water, and discontinuing medical treatments. wide awake euthanasia includes any direct action taken to cause the finale of the person, such as administrating a lethal drug.2 The debate over this issue stems from moral, ethical, and religious beliefs. All of these standpoints either side with the patient dying a natural death or from an accelerated death by euthanasia. business relationship Throughout history, euthanasia has been used as a way to rationalize a patient from an incurable illness or from living a life of unbearable pain. Many cultures, such as the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, did not oppose ones decision to end his life rather than living with agonizing pain.3 During this time period, this choice was commonplace. A few ancient philosophers, who believed that the ending of a human life belonged to the gods only, met it with objection. When the Christian era began, the subject was rarely discussed or practiced because of the strong devote and faith held in God and his divine command. It was not until the eighteenth light speed Enlightenment period that new ideas favoring euthanasia were put forth by philosophers and other prominent figures such as Samuel Williams and David Hume.4 By the close of the 1800s... .... - Euthanasia Answers to Frequently Asked Questions, International Anti-Euthanasia Task Force, 2 abut 1999, http//iaetf.org/index.htm (8 March 1999). - Euthanasia and Physician back up Suicide All Sides of the Issues, 3 March 1999, http//www.religioustolerance.org/euthanas.htm(4 March 1999). - Green, James T. The Effects of Chemotherapy, 22 January 1999, http//www.databaun.com/jamez/writing/chemo.html(2 March 1999). - Interview With herds grass Quill M.D., Frontline/WGBH Educational Foundation, 1998, http//www2.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/kevorkian/medicine/quill2.html(4 March 1999). - Larue, Gerald, Th.D. Playing God litre Religions Views on Your Right to Die Wakefield, NJ Moyer Bell, 1996. - Manning, Michael M.D. Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide. Mahwah, NJ Paulist Press, 1998.

Blacks in Civil War Portrayed in The Movie Glory Essay -- essays resea

The American civilian fight was a major war in the United States between the legal jointure and el til now Southern states which declared that they had a right to secession and organize the Confederate States of America. They were led by Jefferson Davis who was elected as their president. The Union, led by President Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party, opposed the expansion of bondage into territories owned by the United States and rejected any right of secession. The United States Civil War began as an effort to save the Union but it finish in a fight to abolish slavery. Tens of thousands of soldiers on each side, in battle after battle, had the courage to march in regular tack together against the withering fire of the def residueers, while those around them fell with hideous and ordinarily fatal wounds for many different reasons. Southerners fought for their rights and their way of life. Blacks for on another and for the end of slavery. Northerners fought to keep the Union together and latter on the end of slavery. Blacks fought for Religion, to argue to all that blacks are just as capable as whites in battle and to show Gods righteousness.Northerners had elected Abraham Lincoln as their president and were free to fight for whatever he believed in and what he thought to be morally legitimate. In the beginning of the war, the Northerners were focused on the expansion of slavery into the newly created territories. They did not want slavery to extend into their because they wanted that force field to be a work place for white men. They knew that if blacks went their that whites would loose their jobs to them so they tried to preserve that land for whites. but keeping it in the grey states where it had already was prohibited. The cause of the war shift... ...he had and that he had so much deal for them. He even started to cry witch shows how much love he had for his fellow soldiers. The Massachusetts 54th regiment demonstrated great courage at Fort Wagner. by attacking Fort Wagner nonstop knowing that they were fight against the wall and that they could easily lose. They still continued to fight because they were close and when they maxim one of their own men fall to the ground, it hurt their heart so they fought for that person. They did this that because the regiment was the only family they had and the way they trained and acted made them closer and proceed like brothers. This was one of those grate emotional motives that really pushed them to fight even harder. This was also to prove to whites that blacks were just as capable as whites in battle. When they proved this they were braking stereotypical boundaries.

Unjust Classification of Literature :: essays research papers

The Unjust Classification of LiteratureThe center of literature has been criticized and classified throughout history. Occasionally, stories become known as nefarious literature in the eyes of society. This asshole be damaging twain to sales of the book and the reputation of the author. Kate Chopin wrote two stories that be examples of literature deemed wicked by society. The draw and The Story of an minute were written and the end of the ordinal century. A time without many liberal opinions towards literature, as well as civil rights. Often critics judge a piece of literature only when on the literal meaning of the phrases inside, while ignoring the actual message from the author. Chopins two stories were criticized for the impression she gave of womans attitudes towards their husbands and marriage. Although her stories seem to contain women that do not abide by marriage, the women actually have total love and respect for their husbands The misinterpretation of stories leads to the unjust classification of literature as immoral. The story of an Hour and The Storm have different plots, that both convey a similar message from Chopin. The Story of an Hour was written about a wife ,Mrs. Mallard, who receives the sad news of her husbands death. She is flushed with conflicting emotions of sadness from the death, but also joy for the freedom from marriage that his death brings. A call on in the story takes place when she is confronted with her still living husband and she dies from the shock. Chopin wrote of a woman so caught up in married life, she forgot all of the liberties that she had sacrificed for the marriage. The storm tells of another wife, Calixta, living what was a normal life for a woman in the late nineteenth century. While her husband and son are kept inside a store by a temporary storm, Calixta is greeted unexpectedly by an old boyfriend, Alcee. Spending time with Alcee releases feelings from Calixta that had been building up throughou t her marriage. Calixta and Alcee give in to temptation, but never lose their pile of love for their families. Both stories suggest women in marriages sometimes feel wrapped by the relationship and seek an outlet for their emotions. Marriage is a unutterable bond and should always be honored. Infidelity is the worst act that can be perpetrated on a significant other. The wife, Calixta, betrayed her family and the church by tare on them.

Preventing Bacteria from Creating Resistance to Drugs Essay -- Explora

Preventing bacteria from Creating Resistance to DrugsIn 1943, the antibiotic drug era began when penicillin, a member of the beta-lacam family of drugs, was developed. Since then, tens of thousands of derivatives of penicillin have been developed, but only 17 antibiotics of this family are currently marketed in the United States. Penicillin and its derivatives work by preventing certain bacteria from skeletal frameing strong cadre walls that keep their shape and integrity. Without well-integrated cell walls, bacterial trying to grow in the presence of penicillin puff up and die.1 Almost all bacterial diseases have evolved some take aim of resistance. The increased use of antimicrobial drugs encourages the spread of resistance and increases the prevalence of drug-resistant strains.2 In fact, most virulent strains, like many sexually ancestral diseases, require at least double the dosage that was employ a decade ago. Vancomycin, commonly referred to as the last resort drug, is being used by hospitals in ever-increasing amounts.Bacterial resistance is the result of evolutionary responses. wholeness cause of resistance is through mutation. In some instances, proteins used to build the cell are altered to bind penicillin poorly or non at all. A second type of resistance occurs when the bacteria preemptively breaks checkmate penicillin into harmless by-products before they have the chance to bind with the cell wall. A greater cause for concern is the fact that bacteria may chuck with different bacterial species passing on resistance to bacteria that did non previously possess the ability to resist any drugs.3 Humans are the predominant cause for drug resistance. The following are some examples of how piece intervention has res... ...3. Palumbi. Pg. 81.4. Meanwhile, Back at the Farm in Infectious infirmity Alert. Nov. 1, 2001. vol. 21 i. 3 Pg. 17.5. Palumbi. Pg. 89.6. Palumbi. Reproduced from Table 4.1 on Pg. 75.7. Skolnic, Andrew. New Insight Into Ho w Bacteria Develop Antibiotic Resistance in The Journal of the American checkup Association. Jan. 2, 1991. vol. 265 n. 1. Pg. 14.8. For further reading consult Skurkovich, Simon. Facing the Coming Plague in gentlemans gentleman and I. June 1998. vol. 13 n. 6. Pg. 150.FURTHER READING & USEFUL LINKS1. This foundation was intended to be associated with the following articleEckert, Eric. Diseased Soieties in World and I. Oct. 1998. vol. 13 n. 10. Pg. 166.2. Lappe, Marc. Breakout The Evolving Threat of Drug-Resistant Disease. San Francisco Sierra Club Books, 1995.3. How Bacteria var. Resistance to Antibiotics presented by USA Today